// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
//
// Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
//
// Sometimes it's desirable to build Google Test by compiling a single file.
// This file serves this purpose.

// This line ensures that gtest.h can be compiled on its own, even
// when it's fused.
#include <gtest/gtest.h>

// The following lines pull in the real gtest *.cc files.
// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)

// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// Utilities for testing Google Test itself and code that uses Google Test
// (e.g. frameworks built on top of Google Test).

#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_
#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_


namespace testing {

// This helper class can be used to mock out Google Test failure reporting
// so that we can test Google Test or code that builds on Google Test.
//
// An object of this class appends a TestPartResult object to the
// TestPartResultArray object given in the constructor whenever a Google Test
// failure is reported. It can either intercept only failures that are
// generated in the same thread that created this object or it can intercept
// all generated failures. The scope of this mock object can be controlled with
// the second argument to the two arguments constructor.
class GTEST_API_ ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter
    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
  public:
    // The two possible mocking modes of this object.
    enum InterceptMode {
        INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD,  // Intercepts only thread local failures.
        INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS           // Intercepts all failures.
    };

    // The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used
    // by Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
    // results. This reporter will only catch failures generated in the current
    // thread. DEPRECATED
    explicit ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter( TestPartResultArray* result );

    // Same as above, but you can choose the interception scope of this object.
    ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter( InterceptMode intercept_mode,
                                      TestPartResultArray* result );

    // The d'tor restores the previous test part result reporter.
    virtual ~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter();

    // Appends the TestPartResult object to the TestPartResultArray
    // received in the constructor.
    //
    // This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface
    // interface.
    virtual void ReportTestPartResult( const TestPartResult& result );
  private:
    void Init();

    const InterceptMode intercept_mode_;
    TestPartResultReporterInterface* old_reporter_;
    TestPartResultArray* const result_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter );
};

namespace internal {

// A helper class for implementing EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE() and
// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE().  Its destructor verifies that the given
// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
// non-fatal failure will be generated.
class GTEST_API_ SingleFailureChecker {
  public:
    // The constructor remembers the arguments.
    SingleFailureChecker( const TestPartResultArray* results,
                          TestPartResult::Type type,
                          const char* substr );
    ~SingleFailureChecker();
  private:
    const TestPartResultArray* const results_;
    const TestPartResult::Type type_;
    const String substr_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( SingleFailureChecker );
};

}  // namespace internal

}  // namespace testing

// A set of macros for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected
// to generate Google Test fatal failures.  It verifies that the given
// statement will cause exactly one fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
// being part of the failure message.
//
// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE only
// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
// EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
//
// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
//
// Known restrictions:
//   - 'statement' cannot reference local non-static variables or
//     non-static members of the current object.
//   - 'statement' cannot return a value.
//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
//
// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
// works.  The AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in
// gtest_unittest.cc will fail to compile if we do that.
#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
  do { \
    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
     public:\
      static void Execute() { statement; }\
    };\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

#define EXPECT_FATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
  do { \
    class GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper {\
     public:\
      static void Execute() { statement; }\
    };\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kFatalFailure, (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
          INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS, &gtest_failures);\
      GTestExpectFatalFailureHelper::Execute();\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// A macro for testing Google Test assertions or code that's expected to
// generate Google Test non-fatal failures.  It asserts that the given
// statement will cause exactly one non-fatal Google Test failure with 'substr'
// being part of the failure message.
//
// There are two different versions of this macro. EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE only
// affects and considers failures generated in the current thread and
// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS does the same but for all threads.
//
// 'statement' is allowed to reference local variables and members of
// the current object.
//
// The verification of the assertion is done correctly even when the statement
// throws an exception or aborts the current function.
//
// Known restrictions:
//   - You cannot stream a failure message to this macro.
//
// Note that even though the implementations of the following two
// macros are much alike, we cannot refactor them to use a common
// helper macro, due to some peculiarity in how the preprocessor
// works.  If we do that, the code won't compile when the user gives
// EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE() a statement that contains a macro that
// expands to code containing an unprotected comma.  The
// AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma test in gtest_unittest.cc
// catches that.
//
// For the same reason, we have to write
//   if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }
// instead of
//   GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement)
// to avoid an MSVC warning on unreachable code.
#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(statement, substr) \
  do {\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
        (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter:: \
          INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD, &gtest_failures);\
      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

#define EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE_ON_ALL_THREADS(statement, substr) \
  do {\
    ::testing::TestPartResultArray gtest_failures;\
    ::testing::internal::SingleFailureChecker gtest_checker(\
        &gtest_failures, ::testing::TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure, \
        (substr));\
    {\
      ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter gtest_reporter(\
          ::testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS,\
          &gtest_failures);\
      if (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) { statement; }\
    }\
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_SPI_H_

#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <wctype.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <ostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>

#if GTEST_OS_LINUX

// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
// gettimeofday().
#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sched.h>
// Declares vsnprintf().  This header is not available on Windows.
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_ZOS
#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT

// On z/OS we additionally need strings.h for strcasecmp.
#include <strings.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE  // We are on Windows CE.

#include <windows.h>  // NOLINT

#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  // We are on Windows proper.

#include <io.h>  // NOLINT
#include <sys/timeb.h>  // NOLINT
#include <sys/types.h>  // NOLINT
#include <sys/stat.h>  // NOLINT

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
// MinGW has gettimeofday() but not _ftime64().
// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
//   gettimeofday().
// TODO(kenton@google.com): There are other ways to get the time on
//   Windows, like GetTickCount() or GetSystemTimeAsFileTime().  MinGW
//   supports these.  consider using them instead.
#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1
#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW

// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
// silence it.
#include <windows.h>  // NOLINT

#else

// Assume other platforms have gettimeofday().
// TODO(kenton@google.com): Use autoconf to detect availability of
//   gettimeofday().
#define GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_ 1

// cpplint thinks that the header is already included, so we want to
// silence it.
#include <sys/time.h>  // NOLINT
#include <unistd.h>  // NOLINT

#endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX

#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
#include <stdexcept>
#endif

// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// Utility functions and classes used by the Google C++ testing framework.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
//
// This file contains purely Google Test's internal implementation.  Please
// DO NOT #INCLUDE IT IN A USER PROGRAM.

#ifndef GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
#define GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_

// GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ is defined to 1 iff the current translation unit is
// part of Google Test's implementation; otherwise it's undefined.
#if !GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
// A user is trying to include this from his code - just say no.
#error "gtest-internal-inl.h is part of Google Test's internal implementation."
#error "It must not be included except by Google Test itself."
#endif  // GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
#include <errno.h>
#endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  // For strtoll/_strtoul64/malloc/free.
#include <string.h>  // For memmove.

#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <vector>


#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#include <windows.h>  // For DWORD.
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS


namespace testing {

// Declares the flags.
//
// We don't want the users to modify this flag in the code, but want
// Google Test's own unit tests to be able to access it. Therefore we
// declare it here as opposed to in gtest.h.
GTEST_DECLARE_bool_( death_test_use_fork );

namespace internal {

// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
GTEST_API_ extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest;

// Names of the flags (needed for parsing Google Test flags).
const char kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag[] = "also_run_disabled_tests";
const char kBreakOnFailureFlag[] = "break_on_failure";
const char kCatchExceptionsFlag[] = "catch_exceptions";
const char kColorFlag[] = "color";
const char kFilterFlag[] = "filter";
const char kListTestsFlag[] = "list_tests";
const char kOutputFlag[] = "output";
const char kPrintTimeFlag[] = "print_time";
const char kRandomSeedFlag[] = "random_seed";
const char kRepeatFlag[] = "repeat";
const char kShuffleFlag[] = "shuffle";
const char kStackTraceDepthFlag[] = "stack_trace_depth";
const char kThrowOnFailureFlag[] = "throw_on_failure";

// A valid random seed must be in [1, kMaxRandomSeed].
const int kMaxRandomSeed = 99999;

// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
// specified on the command line.
GTEST_API_ extern bool g_help_flag;

// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
GTEST_API_ TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis();

// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
GTEST_API_ bool ShouldUseColor( bool stdout_is_tty );

// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
GTEST_API_ std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds( TimeInMillis ms );

// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
GTEST_API_ bool ParseInt32Flag(
    const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value );

// Returns a random seed in range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] based on the
// given --gtest_random_seed flag value.
inline int GetRandomSeedFromFlag( Int32 random_seed_flag ) {
    const unsigned int raw_seed = ( random_seed_flag == 0 ) ?
                                  static_cast<unsigned int>( GetTimeInMillis() ) :
                                  static_cast<unsigned int>( random_seed_flag );
    // Normalizes the actual seed to range [1, kMaxRandomSeed] such that
    // it's easy to type.
    const int normalized_seed =
        static_cast<int>( ( raw_seed - 1U ) %
                          static_cast<unsigned int>( kMaxRandomSeed ) ) + 1;
    return normalized_seed;
}

// Returns the first valid random seed after 'seed'.  The behavior is
// undefined if 'seed' is invalid.  The seed after kMaxRandomSeed is
// considered to be 1.
inline int GetNextRandomSeed( int seed ) {
    GTEST_CHECK_( 1 <= seed && seed <= kMaxRandomSeed )
            << "Invalid random seed " << seed << " - must be in [1, "
            << kMaxRandomSeed << "].";
    const int next_seed = seed + 1;
    return ( next_seed > kMaxRandomSeed ) ? 1 : next_seed;
}

// This class saves the values of all Google Test flags in its c'tor, and
// restores them in its d'tor.
class GTestFlagSaver {
  public:
    // The c'tor.
    GTestFlagSaver() {
        also_run_disabled_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG( also_run_disabled_tests );
        break_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG( break_on_failure );
        catch_exceptions_ = GTEST_FLAG( catch_exceptions );
        color_ = GTEST_FLAG( color );
        death_test_style_ = GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style );
        death_test_use_fork_ = GTEST_FLAG( death_test_use_fork );
        filter_ = GTEST_FLAG( filter );
        internal_run_death_test_ = GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test );
        list_tests_ = GTEST_FLAG( list_tests );
        output_ = GTEST_FLAG( output );
        print_time_ = GTEST_FLAG( print_time );
        random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG( random_seed );
        repeat_ = GTEST_FLAG( repeat );
        shuffle_ = GTEST_FLAG( shuffle );
        stack_trace_depth_ = GTEST_FLAG( stack_trace_depth );
        throw_on_failure_ = GTEST_FLAG( throw_on_failure );
    }

    // The d'tor is not virtual.  DO NOT INHERIT FROM THIS CLASS.
    ~GTestFlagSaver() {
        GTEST_FLAG( also_run_disabled_tests ) = also_run_disabled_tests_;
        GTEST_FLAG( break_on_failure ) = break_on_failure_;
        GTEST_FLAG( catch_exceptions ) = catch_exceptions_;
        GTEST_FLAG( color ) = color_;
        GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style ) = death_test_style_;
        GTEST_FLAG( death_test_use_fork ) = death_test_use_fork_;
        GTEST_FLAG( filter ) = filter_;
        GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test ) = internal_run_death_test_;
        GTEST_FLAG( list_tests ) = list_tests_;
        GTEST_FLAG( output ) = output_;
        GTEST_FLAG( print_time ) = print_time_;
        GTEST_FLAG( random_seed ) = random_seed_;
        GTEST_FLAG( repeat ) = repeat_;
        GTEST_FLAG( shuffle ) = shuffle_;
        GTEST_FLAG( stack_trace_depth ) = stack_trace_depth_;
        GTEST_FLAG( throw_on_failure ) = throw_on_failure_;
    }
  private:
    // Fields for saving the original values of flags.
    bool also_run_disabled_tests_;
    bool break_on_failure_;
    bool catch_exceptions_;
    String color_;
    String death_test_style_;
    bool death_test_use_fork_;
    String filter_;
    String internal_run_death_test_;
    bool list_tests_;
    String output_;
    bool print_time_;
    bool pretty_;
    internal::Int32 random_seed_;
    internal::Int32 repeat_;
    bool shuffle_;
    internal::Int32 stack_trace_depth_;
    bool throw_on_failure_;
} GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;

// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
// wide enough to contain a code point.
// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
GTEST_API_ char* CodePointToUtf8( UInt32 code_point, char* str );

// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
// should be processed.
// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
GTEST_API_ String WideStringToUtf8( const wchar_t* str, int num_chars );

// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
// be created, prints an error and exits.
void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();

// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
// but inconsistent (e.g., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
GTEST_API_ bool ShouldShard( const char* total_shards_str,
                             const char* shard_index_str,
                             bool in_subprocess_for_death_test );

// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error and
// and aborts.
GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie( const char* env_var, Int32 default_val );

// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
GTEST_API_ bool ShouldRunTestOnShard(
    int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id );

// STL container utilities.

// Returns the number of elements in the given container that satisfy
// the given predicate.
template <class Container, typename Predicate>
inline int CountIf( const Container& c, Predicate predicate ) {
    return static_cast<int>( std::count_if( c.begin(), c.end(), predicate ) );
}

// Applies a function/functor to each element in the container.
template <class Container, typename Functor>
void ForEach( const Container& c, Functor functor ) {
    std::for_each( c.begin(), c.end(), functor );
}

// Returns the i-th element of the vector, or default_value if i is not
// in range [0, v.size()).
template <typename E>
inline E GetElementOr( const std::vector<E>& v, int i, E default_value ) {
    return ( i < 0 || i >= static_cast<int>( v.size() ) ) ? default_value : v[i];
}

// Performs an in-place shuffle of a range of the vector's elements.
// 'begin' and 'end' are element indices as an STL-style range;
// i.e. [begin, end) are shuffled, where 'end' == size() means to
// shuffle to the end of the vector.
template <typename E>
void ShuffleRange( internal::Random* random, int begin, int end,
                   std::vector<E>* v ) {
    const int size = static_cast<int>( v->size() );
    GTEST_CHECK_( 0 <= begin && begin <= size )
            << "Invalid shuffle range start " << begin << ": must be in range [0, "
            << size << "].";
    GTEST_CHECK_( begin <= end && end <= size )
            << "Invalid shuffle range finish " << end << ": must be in range ["
            << begin << ", " << size << "].";

    // Fisher-Yates shuffle, from
    // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle
    for ( int range_width = end - begin; range_width >= 2; range_width-- ) {
        const int last_in_range = begin + range_width - 1;
        const int selected = begin + random->Generate( range_width );
        std::swap( ( *v )[selected], ( *v )[last_in_range] );
    }
}

// Performs an in-place shuffle of the vector's elements.
template <typename E>
inline void Shuffle( internal::Random* random, std::vector<E>* v ) {
    ShuffleRange( random, 0, static_cast<int>( v->size() ), v );
}

// A function for deleting an object.  Handy for being used as a
// functor.
template <typename T>
static void Delete( T* x ) {
    delete x;
}

// A predicate that checks the key of a TestProperty against a known key.
//
// TestPropertyKeyIs is copyable.
class TestPropertyKeyIs {
  public:
    // Constructor.
    //
    // TestPropertyKeyIs has NO default constructor.
    explicit TestPropertyKeyIs( const char* key )
        : key_( key ) {}

    // Returns true iff the test name of test property matches on key_.
    bool operator()( const TestProperty& test_property ) const {
        return String( test_property.key() ).Compare( key_ ) == 0;
    }

  private:
    String key_;
};

class TestInfoImpl {
  public:
    TestInfoImpl( TestInfo* parent, const char* test_case_name,
                  const char* name, const char* test_case_comment,
                  const char* comment, TypeId fixture_class_id,
                  internal::TestFactoryBase* factory );
    ~TestInfoImpl();

    // Returns true if this test should run.
    bool should_run() const {
        return should_run_;
    }

    // Sets the should_run member.
    void set_should_run( bool should ) {
        should_run_ = should;
    }

    // Returns true if this test is disabled. Disabled tests are not run.
    bool is_disabled() const {
        return is_disabled_;
    }

    // Sets the is_disabled member.
    void set_is_disabled( bool is ) {
        is_disabled_ = is;
    }

    // Returns true if this test matches the filter specified by the user.
    bool matches_filter() const {
        return matches_filter_;
    }

    // Sets the matches_filter member.
    void set_matches_filter( bool matches ) {
        matches_filter_ = matches;
    }

    // Returns the test case name.
    const char* test_case_name() const {
        return test_case_name_.c_str();
    }

    // Returns the test name.
    const char* name() const {
        return name_.c_str();
    }

    // Returns the test case comment.
    const char* test_case_comment() const {
        return test_case_comment_.c_str();
    }

    // Returns the test comment.
    const char* comment() const {
        return comment_.c_str();
    }

    // Returns the ID of the test fixture class.
    TypeId fixture_class_id() const {
        return fixture_class_id_;
    }

    // Returns the test result.
    TestResult* result() {
        return &result_;
    }
    const TestResult* result() const {
        return &result_;
    }

    // Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
    // deletes it.
    void Run();

    // Clears the test result.
    void ClearResult() {
        result_.Clear();
    }

    // Clears the test result in the given TestInfo object.
    static void ClearTestResult( TestInfo* test_info ) {
        test_info->impl()->ClearResult();
    }

  private:
    // These fields are immutable properties of the test.
    TestInfo* const parent_;          // The owner of this object
    const String test_case_name_;     // Test case name
    const String name_;               // Test name
    const String test_case_comment_;  // Test case comment
    const String comment_;            // Test comment
    const TypeId fixture_class_id_;   // ID of the test fixture class
    bool should_run_;                 // True iff this test should run
    bool is_disabled_;                // True iff this test is disabled
    bool matches_filter_;             // True if this test matches the
    // user-specified filter.
    internal::TestFactoryBase* const factory_;  // The factory that creates
    // the test object

    // This field is mutable and needs to be reset before running the
    // test for the second time.
    TestResult result_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( TestInfoImpl );
};

// Class UnitTestOptions.
//
// This class contains functions for processing options the user
// specifies when running the tests.  It has only static members.
//
// In most cases, the user can specify an option using either an
// environment variable or a command line flag.  E.g. you can set the
// test filter using either GTEST_FILTER or --gtest_filter.  If both
// the variable and the flag are present, the latter overrides the
// former.
class GTEST_API_ UnitTestOptions {
  public:
    // Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.

    // Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
    static String GetOutputFormat();

    // Returns the absolute path of the requested output file, or the
    // default (test_detail.xml in the original working directory) if
    // none was explicitly specified.
    static String GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile();

    // Functions for processing the gtest_filter flag.

    // Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
    // first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
    //
    // This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
    // works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
    static bool PatternMatchesString( const char* pattern, const char* str );

    // Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
    // name and the test name.
    static bool FilterMatchesTest( const String& test_case_name,
                                   const String& test_name );

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    // Function for supporting the gtest_catch_exception flag.

    // Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
    // given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
    // This function is useful as an __except condition.
    static int GTestShouldProcessSEH( DWORD exception_code );
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

    // Returns true if "name" matches the ':' separated list of glob-style
    // filters in "filter".
    static bool MatchesFilter( const String& name, const char* filter );
};

// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
// is present.  Used by UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFile.
GTEST_API_ FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName();

// The role interface for getting the OS stack trace as a string.
class OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
  public:
    OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}
    virtual ~OsStackTraceGetterInterface() {}

    // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
    //
    //   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
    //                in the trace.
    //   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
    //                against max_depth.
    virtual String CurrentStackTrace( int max_depth, int skip_count ) = 0;

    // UponLeavingGTest() should be called immediately before Google Test calls
    // user code. It saves some information about the current stack that
    // CurrentStackTrace() will use to find and hide Google Test stack frames.
    virtual void UponLeavingGTest() = 0;

  private:
    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( OsStackTraceGetterInterface );
};

// A working implementation of the OsStackTraceGetterInterface interface.
class OsStackTraceGetter : public OsStackTraceGetterInterface {
  public:
    OsStackTraceGetter() : caller_frame_( NULL ) {}
    virtual String CurrentStackTrace( int max_depth, int skip_count );
    virtual void UponLeavingGTest();

    // This string is inserted in place of stack frames that are part of
    // Google Test's implementation.
    static const char* const kElidedFramesMarker;

  private:
    Mutex mutex_;  // protects all internal state

    // We save the stack frame below the frame that calls user code.
    // We do this because the address of the frame immediately below
    // the user code changes between the call to UponLeavingGTest()
    // and any calls to CurrentStackTrace() from within the user code.
    void* caller_frame_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( OsStackTraceGetter );
};

// Information about a Google Test trace point.
struct TraceInfo {
    const char* file;
    int line;
    String message;
};

// This is the default global test part result reporter used in UnitTestImpl.
// This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
class DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter
    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
  public:
    explicit DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter( UnitTestImpl* unit_test );
    // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. Reports the test part
    // result in the current test.
    virtual void ReportTestPartResult( const TestPartResult& result );

  private:
    UnitTestImpl* const unit_test_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter );
};

// This is the default per thread test part result reporter used in
// UnitTestImpl. This class should only be used by UnitTestImpl.
class DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
    : public TestPartResultReporterInterface {
  public:
    explicit DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter( UnitTestImpl* unit_test );
    // Implements the TestPartResultReporterInterface. The implementation just
    // delegates to the current global test part result reporter of *unit_test_.
    virtual void ReportTestPartResult( const TestPartResult& result );

  private:
    UnitTestImpl* const unit_test_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter );
};

// The private implementation of the UnitTest class.  We don't protect
// the methods under a mutex, as this class is not accessible by a
// user and the UnitTest class that delegates work to this class does
// proper locking.
class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
  public:
    explicit UnitTestImpl( UnitTest* parent );
    virtual ~UnitTestImpl();

    // There are two different ways to register your own TestPartResultReporter.
    // You can register your own repoter to listen either only for test results
    // from the current thread or for results from all threads.
    // By default, each per-thread test result repoter just passes a new
    // TestPartResult to the global test result reporter, which registers the
    // test part result for the currently running test.

    // Returns the global test part result reporter.
    TestPartResultReporterInterface* GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();

    // Sets the global test part result reporter.
    void SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
        TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter );

    // Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
    TestPartResultReporterInterface* GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();

    // Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
    void SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
        TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter );

    // Gets the number of successful test cases.
    int successful_test_case_count() const;

    // Gets the number of failed test cases.
    int failed_test_case_count() const;

    // Gets the number of all test cases.
    int total_test_case_count() const;

    // Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
    // that should run.
    int test_case_to_run_count() const;

    // Gets the number of successful tests.
    int successful_test_count() const;

    // Gets the number of failed tests.
    int failed_test_count() const;

    // Gets the number of disabled tests.
    int disabled_test_count() const;

    // Gets the number of all tests.
    int total_test_count() const;

    // Gets the number of tests that should run.
    int test_to_run_count() const;

    // Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
    TimeInMillis elapsed_time() const {
        return elapsed_time_;
    }

    // Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
    bool Passed() const {
        return !Failed();
    }

    // Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
    // or something outside of all tests failed).
    bool Failed() const {
        return failed_test_case_count() > 0 || ad_hoc_test_result()->Failed();
    }

    // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
    // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
    const TestCase* GetTestCase( int i ) const {
        const int index = GetElementOr( test_case_indices_, i, -1 );
        return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[i];
    }

    // Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
    // total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
    TestCase* GetMutableTestCase( int i ) {
        const int index = GetElementOr( test_case_indices_, i, -1 );
        return index < 0 ? NULL : test_cases_[index];
    }

    // Provides access to the event listener list.
    TestEventListeners* listeners() {
        return &listeners_;
    }

    // Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
    // the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
    TestResult* current_test_result();

    // Returns the TestResult for the ad hoc test.
    const TestResult* ad_hoc_test_result() const {
        return &ad_hoc_test_result_;
    }

    // Sets the OS stack trace getter.
    //
    // Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter
    // are the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the
    // input the current getter.
    void set_os_stack_trace_getter( OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter );

    // Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
    // otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
    // getter, and returns it.
    OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter();

    // Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
    //
    // The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
    // the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
    // specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
    // count against the number of frames to be included.
    //
    // For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
    // CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
    // trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
    String CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop( int skip_count );

    // Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
    // exist, creates one and returns it.
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //   test_case_name: name of the test case
    //   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
    //   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
    TestCase* GetTestCase( const char* test_case_name,
                           const char* comment,
                           Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                           Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc );

    // Adds a TestInfo to the unit test.
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
    //   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
    //   test_info:    the TestInfo object
    void AddTestInfo( Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                      Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
                      TestInfo* test_info ) {
        // In order to support thread-safe death tests, we need to
        // remember the original working directory when the test program
        // was first invoked.  We cannot do this in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as
        // the user may have changed the current directory before calling
        // RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Therefore we capture the current directory in
        // AddTestInfo(), which is called to register a TEST or TEST_F
        // before main() is reached.
        if ( original_working_dir_.IsEmpty() ) {
            original_working_dir_.Set( FilePath::GetCurrentDir() );
            GTEST_CHECK_( !original_working_dir_.IsEmpty() )
                    << "Failed to get the current working directory.";
        }

        GetTestCase( test_info->test_case_name(),
                     test_info->test_case_comment(),
                     set_up_tc,
                     tear_down_tc )->AddTestInfo( test_info );
    }

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
    // Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
    // value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
    internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry& parameterized_test_registry() {
        return parameterized_test_registry_;
    }
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

    // Sets the TestCase object for the test that's currently running.
    void set_current_test_case( TestCase* a_current_test_case ) {
        current_test_case_ = a_current_test_case;
    }

    // Sets the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running.  If
    // current_test_info is NULL, the assertion results will be stored in
    // ad_hoc_test_result_.
    void set_current_test_info( TestInfo* a_current_test_info ) {
        current_test_info_ = a_current_test_info;
    }

    // Registers all parameterized tests defined using TEST_P and
    // INSTANTIATE_TEST_P, creating regular tests for each test/parameter
    // combination. This method can be called more then once; it has
    // guards protecting from registering the tests more then once.
    // If value-parameterized tests are disabled, RegisterParameterizedTests
    // is present but does nothing.
    void RegisterParameterizedTests();

    // Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
    // returns 0 if all tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.  If any
    // exception is thrown during a test on Windows, this test is
    // considered to be failed, but the rest of the tests will still be
    // run.  (We disable exceptions on Linux and Mac OS X, so the issue
    // doesn't apply there.)
    int RunAllTests();

    // Clears the results of all tests, including the ad hoc test.
    void ClearResult() {
        ForEach( test_cases_, TestCase::ClearTestCaseResult );
        ad_hoc_test_result_.Clear();
    }

    enum ReactionToSharding {
        HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL,
        IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
    };

    // Matches the full name of each test against the user-specified
    // filter to decide whether the test should run, then records the
    // result in each TestCase and TestInfo object.
    // If shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL, further filters tests
    // based on sharding variables in the environment.
    // Returns the number of tests that should run.
    int FilterTests( ReactionToSharding shard_tests );

    // Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
    void ListTestsMatchingFilter();

    const TestCase* current_test_case() const {
        return current_test_case_;
    }
    TestInfo* current_test_info() {
        return current_test_info_;
    }
    const TestInfo* current_test_info() const {
        return current_test_info_;
    }

    // Returns the vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
    // before/after the tests are run.
    std::vector<Environment*>& environments() {
        return environments_;
    }

    // Getters for the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
    std::vector<TraceInfo>& gtest_trace_stack() {
        return *( gtest_trace_stack_.pointer() );
    }
    const std::vector<TraceInfo>& gtest_trace_stack() const {
        return gtest_trace_stack_.get();
    }

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    void InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo() {
        internal_run_death_test_flag_.reset( ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() );
    }
    // Returns a pointer to the parsed --gtest_internal_run_death_test
    // flag, or NULL if that flag was not specified.
    // This information is useful only in a death test child process.
    // Must not be called before a call to InitGoogleTest.
    const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* internal_run_death_test_flag() const {
        return internal_run_death_test_flag_.get();
    }

    // Returns a pointer to the current death test factory.
    internal::DeathTestFactory* death_test_factory() {
        return death_test_factory_.get();
    }

    void SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();

    friend class ReplaceDeathTestFactory;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

    // Initializes the event listener performing XML output as specified by
    // UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
    void ConfigureXmlOutput();

    // Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
    // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
    // ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
    // this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
    // called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
    void PostFlagParsingInit();

    // Gets the random seed used at the start of the current test iteration.
    int random_seed() const {
        return random_seed_;
    }

    // Gets the random number generator.
    internal::Random* random() {
        return &random_;
    }

    // Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
    // making sure that death tests are still run first.
    void ShuffleTests();

    // Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
    void UnshuffleTests();

  private:
    friend class ::testing::UnitTest;

    // The UnitTest object that owns this implementation object.
    UnitTest* const parent_;

    // The working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
    // executed.
    internal::FilePath original_working_dir_;

    // The default test part result reporters.
    DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter default_global_test_part_result_reporter_;
    DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter
    default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;

    // Points to (but doesn't own) the global test part result reporter.
    TestPartResultReporterInterface* global_test_part_result_repoter_;

    // Protects read and write access to global_test_part_result_reporter_.
    internal::Mutex global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_;

    // Points to (but doesn't own) the per-thread test part result reporter.
    internal::ThreadLocal<TestPartResultReporterInterface*>
    per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_;

    // The vector of environments that need to be set-up/torn-down
    // before/after the tests are run.
    std::vector<Environment*> environments_;

    // The vector of TestCases in their original order.  It owns the
    // elements in the vector.
    std::vector<TestCase*> test_cases_;

    // Provides a level of indirection for the test case list to allow
    // easy shuffling and restoring the test case order.  The i-th
    // element of this vector is the index of the i-th test case in the
    // shuffled order.
    std::vector<int> test_case_indices_;

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
    // ParameterizedTestRegistry object used to register value-parameterized
    // tests.
    internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry parameterized_test_registry_;

    // Indicates whether RegisterParameterizedTests() has been called already.
    bool parameterized_tests_registered_;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

    // Index of the last death test case registered.  Initially -1.
    int last_death_test_case_;

    // This points to the TestCase for the currently running test.  It
    // changes as Google Test goes through one test case after another.
    // When no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test
    // stores assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
    TestCase* current_test_case_;

    // This points to the TestInfo for the currently running test.  It
    // changes as Google Test goes through one test after another.  When
    // no test is running, this is set to NULL and Google Test stores
    // assertion results in ad_hoc_test_result_.  Initially NULL.
    TestInfo* current_test_info_;

    // Normally, a user only writes assertions inside a TEST or TEST_F,
    // or inside a function called by a TEST or TEST_F.  Since Google
    // Test keeps track of which test is current running, it can
    // associate such an assertion with the test it belongs to.
    //
    // If an assertion is encountered when no TEST or TEST_F is running,
    // Google Test attributes the assertion result to an imaginary "ad hoc"
    // test, and records the result in ad_hoc_test_result_.
    TestResult ad_hoc_test_result_;

    // The list of event listeners that can be used to track events inside
    // Google Test.
    TestEventListeners listeners_;

    // The OS stack trace getter.  Will be deleted when the UnitTest
    // object is destructed.  By default, an OsStackTraceGetter is used,
    // but the user can set this field to use a custom getter if that is
    // desired.
    OsStackTraceGetterInterface* os_stack_trace_getter_;

    // True iff PostFlagParsingInit() has been called.
    bool post_flag_parse_init_performed_;

    // The random number seed used at the beginning of the test run.
    int random_seed_;

    // Our random number generator.
    internal::Random random_;

    // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
    TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    // The decomposed components of the gtest_internal_run_death_test flag,
    // parsed when RUN_ALL_TESTS is called.
    internal::scoped_ptr<InternalRunDeathTestFlag> internal_run_death_test_flag_;
    internal::scoped_ptr<internal::DeathTestFactory> death_test_factory_;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

    // A per-thread stack of traces created by the SCOPED_TRACE() macro.
    internal::ThreadLocal<std::vector<TraceInfo> > gtest_trace_stack_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( UnitTestImpl );
};  // class UnitTestImpl

// Convenience function for accessing the global UnitTest
// implementation object.
inline UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl() {
    return UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl();
}

// Internal helper functions for implementing the simple regular
// expression matcher.
GTEST_API_ bool IsInSet( char ch, const char* str );
GTEST_API_ bool IsDigit( char ch );
GTEST_API_ bool IsPunct( char ch );
GTEST_API_ bool IsRepeat( char ch );
GTEST_API_ bool IsWhiteSpace( char ch );
GTEST_API_ bool IsWordChar( char ch );
GTEST_API_ bool IsValidEscape( char ch );
GTEST_API_ bool AtomMatchesChar( bool escaped, char pattern, char ch );
GTEST_API_ bool ValidateRegex( const char* regex );
GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAtHead( const char* regex, const char* str );
GTEST_API_ bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
    bool escaped, char ch, char repeat, const char* regex, const char* str );
GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAnywhere( const char* regex, const char* str );

// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
// other parts of Google Test.
GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly( int* argc, char** argv );
GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly( int* argc, wchar_t** argv );

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
// platform.
String GetLastErrnoDescription();

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
class AutoHandle {
  public:
    AutoHandle() : handle_( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) {}
    explicit AutoHandle( HANDLE handle ) : handle_( handle ) {}

    ~AutoHandle() {
        Reset();
    }

    HANDLE Get() const {
        return handle_;
    }
    void Reset() {
        Reset( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE );
    }
    void Reset( HANDLE handle ) {
        if ( handle != handle_ ) {
            if ( handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) {
                ::CloseHandle( handle_ );
            }

            handle_ = handle;
        }
    }

  private:
    HANDLE handle_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( AutoHandle );
};
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Attempts to parse a string into a positive integer pointed to by the
// number parameter.  Returns true if that is possible.
// GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we can use
// it here.
template <typename Integer>
bool ParseNaturalNumber( const ::std::string& str, Integer* number ) {
    // Fail fast if the given string does not begin with a digit;
    // this bypasses strtoXXX's "optional leading whitespace and plus
    // or minus sign" semantics, which are undesirable here.
    if ( str.empty() || !isdigit( str[0] ) ) {
        return false;
    }

    errno = 0;
    char* end;
    // BiggestConvertible is the largest integer type that system-provided
    // string-to-number conversion routines can return.
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)
    // MSVC and C++ Builder define __int64 instead of the standard long long.
    typedef unsigned __int64 BiggestConvertible;
    const BiggestConvertible parsed = _strtoui64( str.c_str(), &end, 10 );
#else
    typedef unsigned long long BiggestConvertible;  // NOLINT
    const BiggestConvertible parsed = strtoull( str.c_str(), &end, 10 );
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !defined(__GNUC__)
    const bool parse_success = *end == '\0' && errno == 0;
    // TODO(vladl@google.com): Convert this to compile time assertion when it is
    // available.
    GTEST_CHECK_( sizeof( Integer ) <= sizeof( parsed ) );
    const Integer result = static_cast<Integer>( parsed );

    if ( parse_success && static_cast<BiggestConvertible>( result ) == parsed ) {
        *number = result;
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// TestResult contains some private methods that should be hidden from
// Google Test user but are required for testing. This class allow our tests
// to access them.
//
// This class is supplied only for the purpose of testing Google Test's own
// constructs. Do not use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
class TestResultAccessor {
  public:
    static void RecordProperty( TestResult* test_result,
                                const TestProperty& property ) {
        test_result->RecordProperty( property );
    }

    static void ClearTestPartResults( TestResult* test_result ) {
        test_result->ClearTestPartResults();
    }

    static const std::vector<testing::TestPartResult>& test_part_results(
        const TestResult& test_result ) {
        return test_result.test_part_results();
    }
};

}  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing

#endif  // GTEST_SRC_GTEST_INTERNAL_INL_H_
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace testing {

using internal::CountIf;
using internal::ForEach;
using internal::GetElementOr;
using internal::Shuffle;

// Constants.

// A test whose test case name or test name matches this filter is
// disabled and not run.
static const char kDisableTestFilter[] = "DISABLED_*:*/DISABLED_*";

// A test case whose name matches this filter is considered a death
// test case and will be run before test cases whose name doesn't
// match this filter.
static const char kDeathTestCaseFilter[] = "*DeathTest:*DeathTest/*";

// A test filter that matches everything.
static const char kUniversalFilter[] = "*";

// The default output file for XML output.
static const char kDefaultOutputFile[] = "test_detail.xml";

// The environment variable name for the test shard index.
static const char kTestShardIndex[] = "GTEST_SHARD_INDEX";
// The environment variable name for the total number of test shards.
static const char kTestTotalShards[] = "GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS";
// The environment variable name for the test shard status file.
static const char kTestShardStatusFile[] = "GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE";

namespace internal {

// The text used in failure messages to indicate the start of the
// stack trace.
const char kStackTraceMarker[] = "\nStack trace:\n";

// g_help_flag is true iff the --help flag or an equivalent form is
// specified on the command line.
bool g_help_flag = false;

}  // namespace internal

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    also_run_disabled_tests,
    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv( "also_run_disabled_tests", false ),
    "Run disabled tests too, in addition to the tests normally being run." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    break_on_failure,
    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv( "break_on_failure", false ),
    "True iff a failed assertion should be a debugger break-point." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    catch_exceptions,
    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv( "catch_exceptions", false ),
    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
    " should catch exceptions and treat them as test failures." );

GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
    color,
    internal::StringFromGTestEnv( "color", "auto" ),
    "Whether to use colors in the output.  Valid values: yes, no, "
    "and auto.  'auto' means to use colors if the output is "
    "being sent to a terminal and the TERM environment variable "
    "is set to xterm, xterm-color, xterm-256color, linux or cygwin." );

GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
    filter,
    internal::StringFromGTestEnv( "filter", kUniversalFilter ),
    "A colon-separated list of glob (not regex) patterns "
    "for filtering the tests to run, optionally followed by a "
    "'-' and a : separated list of negative patterns (tests to "
    "exclude).  A test is run if it matches one of the positive "
    "patterns and does not match any of the negative patterns." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_( list_tests, false,
                    "List all tests without running them." );

GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
    output,
    internal::StringFromGTestEnv( "output", "" ),
    "A format (currently must be \"xml\"), optionally followed "
    "by a colon and an output file name or directory. A directory "
    "is indicated by a trailing pathname separator. "
    "Examples: \"xml:filename.xml\", \"xml::directoryname/\". "
    "If a directory is specified, output files will be created "
    "within that directory, with file-names based on the test "
    "executable's name and, if necessary, made unique by adding "
    "digits." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    print_time,
    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv( "print_time", true ),
    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
    " should display elapsed time in text output." );

GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
    random_seed,
    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv( "random_seed", 0 ),
    "Random number seed to use when shuffling test orders.  Must be in range "
    "[1, 99999], or 0 to use a seed based on the current time." );

GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
    repeat,
    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv( "repeat", 1 ),
    "How many times to repeat each test.  Specify a negative number "
    "for repeating forever.  Useful for shaking out flaky tests." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    show_internal_stack_frames, false,
    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_ " should include internal stack frames when "
    "printing test failure stack traces." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    shuffle,
    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv( "shuffle", false ),
    "True iff " GTEST_NAME_
    " should randomize tests' order on every run." );

GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(
    stack_trace_depth,
    internal::Int32FromGTestEnv( "stack_trace_depth", kMaxStackTraceDepth ),
    "The maximum number of stack frames to print when an "
    "assertion fails.  The valid range is 0 through 100, inclusive." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    throw_on_failure,
    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv( "throw_on_failure", false ),
    "When this flag is specified, a failed assertion will throw an exception "
    "if exceptions are enabled or exit the program with a non-zero code "
    "otherwise." );

namespace internal {

// Generates a random number from [0, range), using a Linear
// Congruential Generator (LCG).  Crashes if 'range' is 0 or greater
// than kMaxRange.
UInt32 Random::Generate( UInt32 range ) {
    // These constants are the same as are used in glibc's rand(3).
    state_ = ( 1103515245U * state_ + 12345U ) % kMaxRange;
    GTEST_CHECK_( range > 0 )
            << "Cannot generate a number in the range [0, 0).";
    GTEST_CHECK_( range <= kMaxRange )
            << "Generation of a number in [0, " << range << ") was requested, "
            << "but this can only generate numbers in [0, " << kMaxRange << ").";
    // Converting via modulus introduces a bit of downward bias, but
    // it's simple, and a linear congruential generator isn't too good
    // to begin with.
    return state_ % range;
}

// GTestIsInitialized() returns true iff the user has initialized
// Google Test.  Useful for catching the user mistake of not initializing
// Google Test before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().
//
// A user must call testing::InitGoogleTest() to initialize Google
// Test.  g_init_gtest_count is set to the number of times
// InitGoogleTest() has been called.  We don't protect this variable
// under a mutex as it is only accessed in the main thread.
int g_init_gtest_count = 0;
static bool GTestIsInitialized() {
    return g_init_gtest_count != 0;
}

// Iterates over a vector of TestCases, keeping a running sum of the
// results of calling a given int-returning method on each.
// Returns the sum.
static int SumOverTestCaseList( const std::vector<TestCase*>& case_list,
                                int ( TestCase::*method )() const ) {
    int sum = 0;

    for ( size_t i = 0; i < case_list.size(); i++ ) {
        sum += ( case_list[i]->*method )();
    }

    return sum;
}

// Returns true iff the test case passed.
static bool TestCasePassed( const TestCase* test_case ) {
    return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Passed();
}

// Returns true iff the test case failed.
static bool TestCaseFailed( const TestCase* test_case ) {
    return test_case->should_run() && test_case->Failed();
}

// Returns true iff test_case contains at least one test that should
// run.
static bool ShouldRunTestCase( const TestCase* test_case ) {
    return test_case->should_run();
}

// AssertHelper constructor.
AssertHelper::AssertHelper( TestPartResult::Type type,
                            const char* file,
                            int line,
                            const char* message )
    : data_( new AssertHelperData( type, file, line, message ) ) {
}

AssertHelper::~AssertHelper() {
    delete data_;
}

// Message assignment, for assertion streaming support.
void AssertHelper::operator=( const Message& message ) const {
    UnitTest::GetInstance()->
    AddTestPartResult( data_->type, data_->file, data_->line,
                       AppendUserMessage( data_->message, message ),
                       UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl()
                       ->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop( 1 )
                       // Skips the stack frame for this function itself.
                     );  // NOLINT
}

// Mutex for linked pointers.
GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_( g_linked_ptr_mutex );

// Application pathname gotten in InitGoogleTest.
String g_executable_path;

// Returns the current application's name, removing directory path if that
// is present.
FilePath GetCurrentExecutableName() {
    FilePath result;
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    result.Set( FilePath( g_executable_path ).RemoveExtension( "exe" ) );
#else
    result.Set( FilePath( g_executable_path ) );
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    return result.RemoveDirectoryName();
}

// Functions for processing the gtest_output flag.

// Returns the output format, or "" for normal printed output.
String UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat() {
    const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG( output ).c_str();

    if ( gtest_output_flag == NULL ) {
        return String( "" );
    }

    const char* const colon = strchr( gtest_output_flag, ':' );
    return ( colon == NULL ) ?
           String( gtest_output_flag ) :
           String( gtest_output_flag, colon - gtest_output_flag );
}

// Returns the name of the requested output file, or the default if none
// was explicitly specified.
String UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile() {
    const char* const gtest_output_flag = GTEST_FLAG( output ).c_str();

    if ( gtest_output_flag == NULL ) {
        return String( "" );
    }

    const char* const colon = strchr( gtest_output_flag, ':' );

    if ( colon == NULL )
        return String( internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
                           internal::FilePath(
                               UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir() ),
                           internal::FilePath( kDefaultOutputFile ) ).ToString() );

    internal::FilePath output_name( colon + 1 );

    if ( !output_name.IsAbsolutePath() )
        // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows \some\path is not an absolute
        // path (as its meaning depends on the current drive), yet the
        // following logic for turning it into an absolute path is wrong.
        // Fix it.
        output_name = internal::FilePath::ConcatPaths(
                          internal::FilePath( UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir() ),
                          internal::FilePath( colon + 1 ) );

    if ( !output_name.IsDirectory() ) {
        return output_name.ToString();
    }

    internal::FilePath result( internal::FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName(
                                   output_name, internal::GetCurrentExecutableName(),
                                   GetOutputFormat().c_str() ) );
    return result.ToString();
}

// Returns true iff the wildcard pattern matches the string.  The
// first ':' or '\0' character in pattern marks the end of it.
//
// This recursive algorithm isn't very efficient, but is clear and
// works well enough for matching test names, which are short.
bool UnitTestOptions::PatternMatchesString( const char* pattern,
        const char* str ) {
    switch ( *pattern ) {
    case '\0':
    case ':':  // Either ':' or '\0' marks the end of the pattern.
        return *str == '\0';

    case '?':  // Matches any single character.
        return *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString( pattern + 1, str + 1 );

    case '*':  // Matches any string (possibly empty) of characters.
        return ( *str != '\0' && PatternMatchesString( pattern, str + 1 ) ) ||
               PatternMatchesString( pattern + 1, str );

    default:  // Non-special character.  Matches itself.
        return *pattern == *str &&
               PatternMatchesString( pattern + 1, str + 1 );
    }
}

bool UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter( const String& name, const char* filter ) {
    const char* cur_pattern = filter;

    for ( ;; ) {
        if ( PatternMatchesString( cur_pattern, name.c_str() ) ) {
            return true;
        }

        // Finds the next pattern in the filter.
        cur_pattern = strchr( cur_pattern, ':' );

        // Returns if no more pattern can be found.
        if ( cur_pattern == NULL ) {
            return false;
        }

        // Skips the pattern separater (the ':' character).
        cur_pattern++;
    }
}

// TODO(keithray): move String function implementations to gtest-string.cc.

// Returns true iff the user-specified filter matches the test case
// name and the test name.
bool UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest( const String& test_case_name,
        const String& test_name ) {
    const String& full_name = String::Format( "%s.%s",
                              test_case_name.c_str(),
                              test_name.c_str() );
    // Split --gtest_filter at '-', if there is one, to separate into
    // positive filter and negative filter portions
    const char* const p = GTEST_FLAG( filter ).c_str();
    const char* const dash = strchr( p, '-' );
    String positive;
    String negative;

    if ( dash == NULL ) {
        positive = GTEST_FLAG( filter ).c_str(); // Whole string is a positive filter
        negative = String( "" );
    }
    else {
        positive = String( p, dash - p ); // Everything up to the dash
        negative = String( dash + 1 );   // Everything after the dash

        if ( positive.empty() ) {
            // Treat '-test1' as the same as '*-test1'
            positive = kUniversalFilter;
        }
    }

    // A filter is a colon-separated list of patterns.  It matches a
    // test if any pattern in it matches the test.
    return ( MatchesFilter( full_name, positive.c_str() ) &&
             !MatchesFilter( full_name, negative.c_str() ) );
}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Returns EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER if Google Test should handle the
// given SEH exception, or EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH otherwise.
// This function is useful as an __except condition.
int UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH( DWORD exception_code ) {
    // Google Test should handle an exception if:
    //   1. the user wants it to, AND
    //   2. this is not a breakpoint exception.
    return ( GTEST_FLAG( catch_exceptions ) &&
             exception_code != EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT ) ?
           EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER :
           EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
}
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

}  // namespace internal

// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
// results. Intercepts only failures from the current thread.
ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
    TestPartResultArray* result )
    : intercept_mode_( INTERCEPT_ONLY_CURRENT_THREAD ),
      result_( result ) {
    Init();
}

// The c'tor sets this object as the test part result reporter used by
// Google Test.  The 'result' parameter specifies where to report the
// results.
ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter(
    InterceptMode intercept_mode, TestPartResultArray* result )
    : intercept_mode_( intercept_mode ),
      result_( result ) {
    Init();
}

void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::Init() {
    internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();

    if ( intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS ) {
        old_reporter_ = impl->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter();
        impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter( this );
    }
    else {
        old_reporter_ = impl->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread();
        impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread( this );
    }
}

// The d'tor restores the test part result reporter used by Google Test
// before.
ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::~ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter() {
    internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();

    if ( intercept_mode_ == INTERCEPT_ALL_THREADS ) {
        impl->SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter( old_reporter_ );
    }
    else {
        impl->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread( old_reporter_ );
    }
}

// Increments the test part result count and remembers the result.
// This method is from the TestPartResultReporterInterface interface.
void ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
    const TestPartResult& result ) {
    result_->Append( result );
}

namespace internal {

// Returns the type ID of ::testing::Test.  We should always call this
// instead of GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to get the type ID of
// testing::Test.  This is to work around a suspected linker bug when
// using Google Test as a framework on Mac OS X.  The bug causes
// GetTypeId< ::testing::Test>() to return different values depending
// on whether the call is from the Google Test framework itself or
// from user test code.  GetTestTypeId() is guaranteed to always
// return the same value, as it always calls GetTypeId<>() from the
// gtest.cc, which is within the Google Test framework.
TypeId GetTestTypeId() {
    return GetTypeId<Test>();
}

// The value of GetTestTypeId() as seen from within the Google Test
// library.  This is solely for testing GetTestTypeId().
extern const TypeId kTestTypeIdInGoogleTest = GetTestTypeId();

// This predicate-formatter checks that 'results' contains a test part
// failure of the given type and that the failure message contains the
// given substring.
AssertionResult HasOneFailure( const char* /* results_expr */,
                               const char* /* type_expr */,
                               const char* /* substr_expr */,
                               const TestPartResultArray& results,
                               TestPartResult::Type type,
                               const char* substr ) {
    const String expected( type == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ?
                           "1 fatal failure" :
                           "1 non-fatal failure" );
    Message msg;

    if ( results.size() != 1 ) {
        msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
            << "  Actual: " << results.size() << " failures";

        for ( int i = 0; i < results.size(); i++ ) {
            msg << "\n" << results.GetTestPartResult( i );
        }

        return AssertionFailure( msg );
    }

    const TestPartResult& r = results.GetTestPartResult( 0 );

    if ( r.type() != type ) {
        msg << "Expected: " << expected << "\n"
            << "  Actual:\n"
            << r;
        return AssertionFailure( msg );
    }

    if ( strstr( r.message(), substr ) == NULL ) {
        msg << "Expected: " << expected << " containing \""
            << substr << "\"\n"
            << "  Actual:\n"
            << r;
        return AssertionFailure( msg );
    }

    return AssertionSuccess();
}

// The constructor of SingleFailureChecker remembers where to look up
// test part results, what type of failure we expect, and what
// substring the failure message should contain.
SingleFailureChecker:: SingleFailureChecker(
    const TestPartResultArray* results,
    TestPartResult::Type type,
    const char* substr )
    : results_( results ),
      type_( type ),
      substr_( substr ) {}

// The destructor of SingleFailureChecker verifies that the given
// TestPartResultArray contains exactly one failure that has the given
// type and contains the given substring.  If that's not the case, a
// non-fatal failure will be generated.
SingleFailureChecker::~SingleFailureChecker() {
    EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT3( HasOneFailure, *results_, type_, substr_.c_str() );
}

DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
    UnitTestImpl* unit_test ) : unit_test_( unit_test ) {}

void DefaultGlobalTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
    const TestPartResult& result ) {
    unit_test_->current_test_result()->AddTestPartResult( result );
    unit_test_->listeners()->repeater()->OnTestPartResult( result );
}

DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter(
    UnitTestImpl* unit_test ) : unit_test_( unit_test ) {}

void DefaultPerThreadTestPartResultReporter::ReportTestPartResult(
    const TestPartResult& result ) {
    unit_test_->GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter()->ReportTestPartResult( result );
}

// Returns the global test part result reporter.
TestPartResultReporterInterface*
UnitTestImpl::GetGlobalTestPartResultReporter() {
    internal::MutexLock lock( &global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_ );
    return global_test_part_result_repoter_;
}

// Sets the global test part result reporter.
void UnitTestImpl::SetGlobalTestPartResultReporter(
    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter ) {
    internal::MutexLock lock( &global_test_part_result_reporter_mutex_ );
    global_test_part_result_repoter_ = reporter;
}

// Returns the test part result reporter for the current thread.
TestPartResultReporterInterface*
UnitTestImpl::GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread() {
    return per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.get();
}

// Sets the test part result reporter for the current thread.
void UnitTestImpl::SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
    TestPartResultReporterInterface* reporter ) {
    per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_.set( reporter );
}

// Gets the number of successful test cases.
int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_case_count() const {
    return CountIf( test_cases_, TestCasePassed );
}

// Gets the number of failed test cases.
int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_case_count() const {
    return CountIf( test_cases_, TestCaseFailed );
}

// Gets the number of all test cases.
int UnitTestImpl::total_test_case_count() const {
    return static_cast<int>( test_cases_.size() );
}

// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
// that should run.
int UnitTestImpl::test_case_to_run_count() const {
    return CountIf( test_cases_, ShouldRunTestCase );
}

// Gets the number of successful tests.
int UnitTestImpl::successful_test_count() const {
    return SumOverTestCaseList( test_cases_, &TestCase::successful_test_count );
}

// Gets the number of failed tests.
int UnitTestImpl::failed_test_count() const {
    return SumOverTestCaseList( test_cases_, &TestCase::failed_test_count );
}

// Gets the number of disabled tests.
int UnitTestImpl::disabled_test_count() const {
    return SumOverTestCaseList( test_cases_, &TestCase::disabled_test_count );
}

// Gets the number of all tests.
int UnitTestImpl::total_test_count() const {
    return SumOverTestCaseList( test_cases_, &TestCase::total_test_count );
}

// Gets the number of tests that should run.
int UnitTestImpl::test_to_run_count() const {
    return SumOverTestCaseList( test_cases_, &TestCase::test_to_run_count );
}

// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
//
// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
// count against the number of frames to be included.
//
// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
// CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(1), Foo() will be included in the
// trace but Bar() and CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
String UnitTestImpl::CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop( int skip_count ) {
    ( void )skip_count;
    return String( "" );
}

// Returns the current time in milliseconds.
TimeInMillis GetTimeInMillis() {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || defined(__BORLANDC__)
    // Difference between 1970-01-01 and 1601-01-01 in milliseconds.
    // http://analogous.blogspot.com/2005/04/epoch.html
    const TimeInMillis kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta =
        static_cast<TimeInMillis>( 116444736UL ) * 100000UL;
    const DWORD kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond = 10000;
    SYSTEMTIME now_systime;
    FILETIME now_filetime;
    ULARGE_INTEGER now_int64;
    // TODO(kenton@google.com): Shouldn't this just use
    //   GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()?
    GetSystemTime( &now_systime );

    if ( SystemTimeToFileTime( &now_systime, &now_filetime ) ) {
        now_int64.LowPart = now_filetime.dwLowDateTime;
        now_int64.HighPart = now_filetime.dwHighDateTime;
        now_int64.QuadPart = ( now_int64.QuadPart / kTenthMicrosInMilliSecond ) -
                             kJavaEpochToWinFileTimeDelta;
        return now_int64.QuadPart;
    }

    return 0;
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
    __timeb64 now;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    // MSVC 8 deprecates _ftime64(), so we want to suppress warning 4996
    // (deprecated function) there.
    // TODO(kenton@google.com): Use GetTickCount()?  Or use
    //   SystemTimeToFileTime()
#pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
#pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
    _ftime64( &now );
#pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
#else
    _ftime64( &now );
#endif  // _MSC_VER
    return static_cast<TimeInMillis>( now.time ) * 1000 + now.millitm;
#elif GTEST_HAS_GETTIMEOFDAY_
    struct timeval now;
    gettimeofday( &now, NULL );
    return static_cast<TimeInMillis>( now.tv_sec ) * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000;
#else
#error "Don't know how to get the current time on your system."
#endif
}

// Utilities

// class String

// Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
// otherwise returns "(null)".  For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
// for input "Hello".
//
// This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
//
// Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
String String::ShowCStringQuoted( const char* c_str ) {
    return c_str ? String::Format( "\"%s\"", c_str ) : String( "(null)" );
}

// Copies at most length characters from str into a newly-allocated
// piece of memory of size length+1.  The memory is allocated with new[].
// A terminating null byte is written to the memory, and a pointer to it
// is returned.  If str is NULL, NULL is returned.
static char* CloneString( const char* str, size_t length ) {
    if ( str == NULL ) {
        return NULL;
    }
    else {
        char* const clone = new char[length + 1];
        posix::StrNCpy( clone, str, length );
        clone[length] = '\0';
        return clone;
    }
}

// Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new.  The
// caller is responsible for deleting[] the return value.  Returns the
// cloned string, or NULL if the input is NULL.
const char* String::CloneCString( const char* c_str ) {
    return ( c_str == NULL ) ?
           NULL : CloneString( c_str, strlen( c_str ) );
}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
// Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
// value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
// input is NULL.
LPCWSTR String::AnsiToUtf16( const char* ansi ) {
    if ( !ansi ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    const int length = strlen( ansi );
    const int unicode_length =
        MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
                             NULL, 0 );
    WCHAR* unicode = new WCHAR[unicode_length + 1];
    MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, ansi, length,
                         unicode, unicode_length );
    unicode[unicode_length] = 0;
    return unicode;
}

// Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
// memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
// value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
// input is NULL.
const char* String::Utf16ToAnsi( LPCWSTR utf16_str ) {
    if ( !utf16_str ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    const int ansi_length =
        WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
                             NULL, 0, NULL, NULL );
    char* ansi = new char[ansi_length + 1];
    WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, utf16_str, -1,
                         ansi, ansi_length, NULL, NULL );
    ansi[ansi_length] = 0;
    return ansi;
}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Compares two C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same content.
//
// Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
// including the empty string.
bool String::CStringEquals( const char* lhs, const char* rhs ) {
    if ( lhs == NULL ) {
        return rhs == NULL;
    }

    if ( rhs == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    return strcmp( lhs, rhs ) == 0;
}

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

// Converts an array of wide chars to a narrow string using the UTF-8
// encoding, and streams the result to the given Message object.
static void StreamWideCharsToMessage( const wchar_t* wstr, size_t length,
                                      Message* msg ) {
    // TODO(wan): consider allowing a testing::String object to
    // contain '\0'.  This will make it behave more like std::string,
    // and will allow ToUtf8String() to return the correct encoding
    // for '\0' s.t. we can get rid of the conditional here (and in
    // several other places).
    for ( size_t i = 0; i != length; ) { // NOLINT
        if ( wstr[i] != L'\0' ) {
            *msg << WideStringToUtf8( wstr + i, static_cast<int>( length - i ) );

            while ( i != length && wstr[i] != L'\0' ) {
                i++;
            }
        }
        else {
            *msg << '\0';
            i++;
        }
    }
}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING || GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

}  // namespace internal

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
Message& Message::operator <<( const ::std::wstring& wstr ) {
    internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage( wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this );
    return *this;
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
// Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
// encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
Message& Message::operator <<( const ::wstring& wstr ) {
    internal::StreamWideCharsToMessage( wstr.c_str(), wstr.length(), this );
    return *this;
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING

namespace internal {

// Formats a value to be used in a failure message.

// For a char value, we print it as a C++ char literal and as an
// unsigned integer (both in decimal and in hexadecimal).
String FormatForFailureMessage( char ch ) {
    const unsigned int ch_as_uint = ch;
    // A String object cannot contain '\0', so we print "\\0" when ch is
    // '\0'.
    return String::Format( "'%s' (%u, 0x%X)",
                           ch ? String::Format( "%c", ch ).c_str() : "\\0",
                           ch_as_uint, ch_as_uint );
}

// For a wchar_t value, we print it as a C++ wchar_t literal and as an
// unsigned integer (both in decimal and in hexidecimal).
String FormatForFailureMessage( wchar_t wchar ) {
    // The C++ standard doesn't specify the exact size of the wchar_t
    // type.  It just says that it shall have the same size as another
    // integral type, called its underlying type.
    //
    // Therefore, in order to print a wchar_t value in the numeric form,
    // we first convert it to the largest integral type (UInt64) and
    // then print the converted value.
    //
    // We use streaming to print the value as "%llu" doesn't work
    // correctly with MSVC 7.1.
    const UInt64 wchar_as_uint64 = wchar;
    Message msg;
    // A String object cannot contain '\0', so we print "\\0" when wchar is
    // L'\0'.
    char buffer[32];  // CodePointToUtf8 requires a buffer that big.
    msg << "L'"
        << ( wchar ? CodePointToUtf8( static_cast<UInt32>( wchar ), buffer ) : "\\0" )
        << "' (" << wchar_as_uint64 << ", 0x" << ::std::setbase( 16 )
        << wchar_as_uint64 << ")";
    return msg.GetString();
}

}  // namespace internal

// AssertionResult constructors.
// Used in EXPECT_TRUE/FALSE(assertion_result).
AssertionResult::AssertionResult( const AssertionResult& other )
    : success_( other.success_ ),
      message_( other.message_.get() != NULL ?
                new internal::String( *other.message_ ) :
                static_cast<internal::String*>( NULL ) ) {
}

// Returns the assertion's negation. Used with EXPECT/ASSERT_FALSE.
AssertionResult AssertionResult::operator!() const {
    AssertionResult negation( !success_ );

    if ( message_.get() != NULL ) {
        negation << *message_;
    }

    return negation;
}

// Makes a successful assertion result.
AssertionResult AssertionSuccess() {
    return AssertionResult( true );
}

// Makes a failed assertion result.
AssertionResult AssertionFailure() {
    return AssertionResult( false );
}

// Makes a failed assertion result with the given failure message.
// Deprecated; use AssertionFailure() << message.
AssertionResult AssertionFailure( const Message& message ) {
    return AssertionFailure() << message;
}

namespace internal {

// Constructs and returns the message for an equality assertion
// (e.g. ASSERT_EQ, EXPECT_STREQ, etc) failure.
//
// The first four parameters are the expressions used in the assertion
// and their values, as strings.  For example, for ASSERT_EQ(foo, bar)
// where foo is 5 and bar is 6, we have:
//
//   expected_expression: "foo"
//   actual_expression:   "bar"
//   expected_value:      "5"
//   actual_value:        "6"
//
// The ignoring_case parameter is true iff the assertion is a
// *_STRCASEEQ*.  When it's true, the string " (ignoring case)" will
// be inserted into the message.
AssertionResult EqFailure( const char* expected_expression,
                           const char* actual_expression,
                           const String& expected_value,
                           const String& actual_value,
                           bool ignoring_case ) {
    Message msg;
    msg << "Value of: " << actual_expression;

    if ( actual_value != actual_expression ) {
        msg << "\n  Actual: " << actual_value;
    }

    msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_expression;

    if ( ignoring_case ) {
        msg << " (ignoring case)";
    }

    if ( expected_value != expected_expression ) {
        msg << "\nWhich is: " << expected_value;
    }

    return AssertionFailure( msg );
}

// Constructs a failure message for Boolean assertions such as EXPECT_TRUE.
String GetBoolAssertionFailureMessage( const AssertionResult& assertion_result,
                                       const char* expression_text,
                                       const char* actual_predicate_value,
                                       const char* expected_predicate_value ) {
    const char* actual_message = assertion_result.message();
    Message msg;
    msg << "Value of: " << expression_text
        << "\n  Actual: " << actual_predicate_value;

    if ( actual_message[0] != '\0' ) {
        msg << " (" << actual_message << ")";
    }

    msg << "\nExpected: " << expected_predicate_value;
    return msg.GetString();
}

// Helper function for implementing ASSERT_NEAR.
AssertionResult DoubleNearPredFormat( const char* expr1,
                                      const char* expr2,
                                      const char* abs_error_expr,
                                      double val1,
                                      double val2,
                                      double abs_error ) {
    const double diff = fabs( val1 - val2 );

    if ( diff <= abs_error ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    // TODO(wan): do not print the value of an expression if it's
    // already a literal.
    Message msg;
    msg << "The difference between " << expr1 << " and " << expr2
        << " is " << diff << ", which exceeds " << abs_error_expr << ", where\n"
        << expr1 << " evaluates to " << val1 << ",\n"
        << expr2 << " evaluates to " << val2 << ", and\n"
        << abs_error_expr << " evaluates to " << abs_error << ".";
    return AssertionFailure( msg );
}


// Helper template for implementing FloatLE() and DoubleLE().
template <typename RawType>
AssertionResult FloatingPointLE( const char* expr1,
                                 const char* expr2,
                                 RawType val1,
                                 RawType val2 ) {
    // Returns success if val1 is less than val2,
    if ( val1 < val2 ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    // or if val1 is almost equal to val2.
    const FloatingPoint<RawType> lhs( val1 ), rhs( val2 );

    if ( lhs.AlmostEquals( rhs ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    // Note that the above two checks will both fail if either val1 or
    // val2 is NaN, as the IEEE floating-point standard requires that
    // any predicate involving a NaN must return false.
    StrStream val1_ss;
    val1_ss << std::setprecision( std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2 )
            << val1;
    StrStream val2_ss;
    val2_ss << std::setprecision( std::numeric_limits<RawType>::digits10 + 2 )
            << val2;
    Message msg;
    msg << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") <= (" << expr2 << ")\n"
        << "  Actual: " << StrStreamToString( &val1_ss ) << " vs "
        << StrStreamToString( &val2_ss );
    return AssertionFailure( msg );
}

}  // namespace internal

// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
AssertionResult FloatLE( const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                         float val1, float val2 ) {
    return internal::FloatingPointLE<float>( expr1, expr2, val1, val2 );
}

// Asserts that val1 is less than, or almost equal to, val2.  Fails
// otherwise.  In particular, it fails if either val1 or val2 is NaN.
AssertionResult DoubleLE( const char* expr1, const char* expr2,
                          double val1, double val2 ) {
    return internal::FloatingPointLE<double>( expr1, expr2, val1, val2 );
}

namespace internal {

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ with int or enum
// arguments.
AssertionResult CmpHelperEQ( const char* expected_expression,
                             const char* actual_expression,
                             BiggestInt expected,
                             BiggestInt actual ) {
    if ( expected == actual ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    return EqFailure( expected_expression,
                      actual_expression,
                      FormatForComparisonFailureMessage( expected, actual ),
                      FormatForComparisonFailureMessage( actual, expected ),
                      false );
}

// A macro for implementing the helper functions needed to implement
// ASSERT_?? and EXPECT_?? with integer or enum arguments.  It is here
// just to avoid copy-and-paste of similar code.
#define GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_(op_name, op)\
AssertionResult CmpHelper##op_name(const char* expr1, const char* expr2, \
                                   BiggestInt val1, BiggestInt val2) {\
  if (val1 op val2) {\
    return AssertionSuccess();\
  } else {\
    Message msg;\
    msg << "Expected: (" << expr1 << ") " #op " (" << expr2\
        << "), actual: " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val1, val2)\
        << " vs " << FormatForComparisonFailureMessage(val2, val1);\
    return AssertionFailure(msg);\
  }\
}

// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE with int or
// enum arguments.
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_( NE, != )
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE with int or
// enum arguments.
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_( LE, <= )
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT with int or
// enum arguments.
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_( LT, < )
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE with int or
// enum arguments.
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_( GE, >= )
// Implements the helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT with int or
// enum arguments.
GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_( GT, > )

#undef GTEST_IMPL_CMP_HELPER_

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ( const char* expected_expression,
                                const char* actual_expression,
                                const char* expected,
                                const char* actual ) {
    if ( String::CStringEquals( expected, actual ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    return EqFailure( expected_expression,
                      actual_expression,
                      String::ShowCStringQuoted( expected ),
                      String::ShowCStringQuoted( actual ),
                      false );
}

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASEEQ( const char* expected_expression,
                                    const char* actual_expression,
                                    const char* expected,
                                    const char* actual ) {
    if ( String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( expected, actual ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    return EqFailure( expected_expression,
                      actual_expression,
                      String::ShowCStringQuoted( expected ),
                      String::ShowCStringQuoted( actual ),
                      true );
}

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE( const char* s1_expression,
                                const char* s2_expression,
                                const char* s1,
                                const char* s2 ) {
    if ( !String::CStringEquals( s1, s2 ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }
    else {
        Message msg;
        msg << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
            << s2_expression << "), actual: \""
            << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
        return AssertionFailure( msg );
    }
}

// The helper function for {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRCASENE( const char* s1_expression,
                                    const char* s2_expression,
                                    const char* s1,
                                    const char* s2 ) {
    if ( !String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( s1, s2 ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }
    else {
        Message msg;
        msg << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
            << s2_expression << ") (ignoring case), actual: \""
            << s1 << "\" vs \"" << s2 << "\"";
        return AssertionFailure( msg );
    }
}

}  // namespace internal

namespace {

// Helper functions for implementing IsSubString() and IsNotSubstring().

// This group of overloaded functions return true iff needle is a
// substring of haystack.  NULL is considered a substring of itself
// only.

bool IsSubstringPred( const char* needle, const char* haystack ) {
    if ( needle == NULL || haystack == NULL ) {
        return needle == haystack;
    }

    return strstr( haystack, needle ) != NULL;
}

bool IsSubstringPred( const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack ) {
    if ( needle == NULL || haystack == NULL ) {
        return needle == haystack;
    }

    return wcsstr( haystack, needle ) != NULL;
}

// StringType here can be either ::std::string or ::std::wstring.
template <typename StringType>
bool IsSubstringPred( const StringType& needle,
                      const StringType& haystack ) {
    return haystack.find( needle ) != StringType::npos;
}

// This function implements either IsSubstring() or IsNotSubstring(),
// depending on the value of the expected_to_be_substring parameter.
// StringType here can be const char*, const wchar_t*, ::std::string,
// or ::std::wstring.
template <typename StringType>
AssertionResult IsSubstringImpl(
    bool expected_to_be_substring,
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const StringType& needle, const StringType& haystack ) {
    if ( IsSubstringPred( needle, haystack ) == expected_to_be_substring ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    const bool is_wide_string = sizeof( needle[0] ) > 1;
    const char* const begin_string_quote = is_wide_string ? "L\"" : "\"";
    return AssertionFailure(
               Message()
               << "Value of: " << needle_expr << "\n"
               << "  Actual: " << begin_string_quote << needle << "\"\n"
               << "Expected: " << ( expected_to_be_substring ? "" : "not " )
               << "a substring of " << haystack_expr << "\n"
               << "Which is: " << begin_string_quote << haystack << "\"" );
}

}  // namespace

// IsSubstring() and IsNotSubstring() check whether needle is a
// substring of haystack (NULL is considered a substring of itself
// only), and return an appropriate error message when they fail.

AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const char* needle, const char* haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}

AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}

AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const char* needle, const char* haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}

AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const wchar_t* needle, const wchar_t* haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}

AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}

AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::string& needle, const ::std::string& haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}

#if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
AssertionResult IsSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( true, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}

AssertionResult IsNotSubstring(
    const char* needle_expr, const char* haystack_expr,
    const ::std::wstring& needle, const ::std::wstring& haystack ) {
    return IsSubstringImpl( false, needle_expr, haystack_expr, needle, haystack );
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING

namespace internal {

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace {

// Helper function for IsHRESULT{SuccessFailure} predicates
AssertionResult HRESULTFailureHelper( const char* expr,
                                      const char* expected,
                                      long hr ) { // NOLINT
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    // Windows CE doesn't support FormatMessage.
    const char error_text[] = "";
#else
    // Looks up the human-readable system message for the HRESULT code
    // and since we're not passing any params to FormatMessage, we don't
    // want inserts expanded.
    const DWORD kFlags = FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                         FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS;
    const DWORD kBufSize = 4096;  // String::Format can't exceed this length.
    // Gets the system's human readable message string for this HRESULT.
    char error_text[kBufSize] = { '\0' };
    DWORD message_length = ::FormatMessageA( kFlags,
                           0,  // no source, we're asking system
                           hr,  // the error
                           0,  // no line width restrictions
                           error_text,  // output buffer
                           kBufSize,  // buf size
                           NULL ); // no arguments for inserts

    // Trims tailing white space (FormatMessage leaves a trailing cr-lf)
    for ( ; message_length && isspace( error_text[message_length - 1] );
            --message_length ) {
        error_text[message_length - 1] = '\0';
    }

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    const String error_hex( String::Format( "0x%08X ", hr ) );
    Message msg;
    msg << "Expected: " << expr << " " << expected << ".\n"
        << "  Actual: " << error_hex << error_text << "\n";
    return ::testing::AssertionFailure( msg );
}

}  // namespace

AssertionResult IsHRESULTSuccess( const char* expr, long hr ) { // NOLINT
    if ( SUCCEEDED( hr ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    return HRESULTFailureHelper( expr, "succeeds", hr );
}

AssertionResult IsHRESULTFailure( const char* expr, long hr ) { // NOLINT
    if ( FAILED( hr ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    return HRESULTFailureHelper( expr, "fails", hr );
}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Utility functions for encoding Unicode text (wide strings) in
// UTF-8.

// A Unicode code-point can have upto 21 bits, and is encoded in UTF-8
// like this:
//
// Code-point length   Encoding
//   0 -  7 bits       0xxxxxxx
//   8 - 11 bits       110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
//  12 - 16 bits       1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
//  17 - 21 bits       11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx

// The maximum code-point a one-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint1 = ( static_cast<UInt32>( 1 ) <<  7 ) - 1;

// The maximum code-point a two-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint2 = ( static_cast<UInt32>( 1 ) << ( 5 + 6 ) ) - 1;

// The maximum code-point a three-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint3 = ( static_cast<UInt32>( 1 ) << ( 4 + 2 * 6 ) ) - 1;

// The maximum code-point a four-byte UTF-8 sequence can represent.
const UInt32 kMaxCodePoint4 = ( static_cast<UInt32>( 1 ) << ( 3 + 3 * 6 ) ) - 1;

// Chops off the n lowest bits from a bit pattern.  Returns the n
// lowest bits.  As a side effect, the original bit pattern will be
// shifted to the right by n bits.
inline UInt32 ChopLowBits( UInt32* bits, int n ) {
    const UInt32 low_bits = *bits & ( ( static_cast<UInt32>( 1 ) << n ) - 1 );
    *bits >>= n;
    return low_bits;
}

// Converts a Unicode code point to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// code_point parameter is of type UInt32 because wchar_t may not be
// wide enough to contain a code point.
// The output buffer str must containt at least 32 characters.
// The function returns the address of the output buffer.
// If the code_point is not a valid Unicode code point
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) it will be output
// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'.
char* CodePointToUtf8( UInt32 code_point, char* str ) {
    if ( code_point <= kMaxCodePoint1 ) {
        str[1] = '\0';
        str[0] = static_cast<char>( code_point );                        // 0xxxxxxx
    }
    else if ( code_point <= kMaxCodePoint2 ) {
        str[2] = '\0';
        str[1] = static_cast<char>( 0x80 | ChopLowBits( &code_point, 6 ) ); // 10xxxxxx
        str[0] = static_cast<char>( 0xC0 | code_point );                 // 110xxxxx
    }
    else if ( code_point <= kMaxCodePoint3 ) {
        str[3] = '\0';
        str[2] = static_cast<char>( 0x80 | ChopLowBits( &code_point, 6 ) ); // 10xxxxxx
        str[1] = static_cast<char>( 0x80 | ChopLowBits( &code_point, 6 ) ); // 10xxxxxx
        str[0] = static_cast<char>( 0xE0 | code_point );                 // 1110xxxx
    }
    else if ( code_point <= kMaxCodePoint4 ) {
        str[4] = '\0';
        str[3] = static_cast<char>( 0x80 | ChopLowBits( &code_point, 6 ) ); // 10xxxxxx
        str[2] = static_cast<char>( 0x80 | ChopLowBits( &code_point, 6 ) ); // 10xxxxxx
        str[1] = static_cast<char>( 0x80 | ChopLowBits( &code_point, 6 ) ); // 10xxxxxx
        str[0] = static_cast<char>( 0xF0 | code_point );                 // 11110xxx
    }
    else {
        // The longest string String::Format can produce when invoked
        // with these parameters is 28 character long (not including
        // the terminating nul character). We are asking for 32 character
        // buffer just in case. This is also enough for strncpy to
        // null-terminate the destination string.
        posix::StrNCpy(
            str, String::Format( "(Invalid Unicode 0x%X)", code_point ).c_str(), 32 );
        str[31] = '\0';  // Makes sure no change in the format to strncpy leaves
        // the result unterminated.
    }

    return str;
}

// The following two functions only make sense if the the system
// uses UTF-16 for wide string encoding. All supported systems
// with 16 bit wchar_t (Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS) do use UTF-16.

// Determines if the arguments constitute UTF-16 surrogate pair
// and thus should be combined into a single Unicode code point
// using CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair.
inline bool IsUtf16SurrogatePair( wchar_t first, wchar_t second ) {
    return sizeof( wchar_t ) == 2 &&
           ( first & 0xFC00 ) == 0xD800 && ( second & 0xFC00 ) == 0xDC00;
}

// Creates a Unicode code point from UTF16 surrogate pair.
inline UInt32 CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair( wchar_t first,
        wchar_t second ) {
    const UInt32 mask = ( 1 << 10 ) - 1;
    return ( sizeof( wchar_t ) == 2 ) ?
           ( ( ( first & mask ) << 10 ) | ( second & mask ) ) + 0x10000 :
           // This function should not be called when the condition is
           // false, but we provide a sensible default in case it is.
           static_cast<UInt32>( first );
}

// Converts a wide string to a narrow string in UTF-8 encoding.
// The wide string is assumed to have the following encoding:
//   UTF-16 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 (on Windows, Cygwin, Symbian OS)
//   UTF-32 if sizeof(wchar_t) == 4 (on Linux)
// Parameter str points to a null-terminated wide string.
// Parameter num_chars may additionally limit the number
// of wchar_t characters processed. -1 is used when the entire string
// should be processed.
// If the string contains code points that are not valid Unicode code points
// (i.e. outside of Unicode range U+0 to U+10FFFF) they will be output
// as '(Invalid Unicode 0xXXXXXXXX)'. If the string is in UTF16 encoding
// and contains invalid UTF-16 surrogate pairs, values in those pairs
// will be encoded as individual Unicode characters from Basic Normal Plane.
String WideStringToUtf8( const wchar_t* str, int num_chars ) {
    if ( num_chars == -1 ) {
        num_chars = static_cast<int>( wcslen( str ) );
    }

    StrStream stream;

    for ( int i = 0; i < num_chars; ++i ) {
        UInt32 unicode_code_point;

        if ( str[i] == L'\0' ) {
            break;
        }
        else if ( i + 1 < num_chars && IsUtf16SurrogatePair( str[i], str[i + 1] ) ) {
            unicode_code_point = CreateCodePointFromUtf16SurrogatePair( str[i],
                                 str[i + 1] );
            i++;
        }
        else {
            unicode_code_point = static_cast<UInt32>( str[i] );
        }

        char buffer[32];  // CodePointToUtf8 requires a buffer this big.
        stream << CodePointToUtf8( unicode_code_point, buffer );
    }

    return StrStreamToString( &stream );
}

// Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
// NULL will be converted to "(null)".
String String::ShowWideCString( const wchar_t* wide_c_str ) {
    if ( wide_c_str == NULL ) {
        return String( "(null)" );
    }

    return String( internal::WideStringToUtf8( wide_c_str, -1 ).c_str() );
}

// Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
// the converted string in double quotes.
String String::ShowWideCStringQuoted( const wchar_t* wide_c_str ) {
    if ( wide_c_str == NULL ) {
        return String( "(null)" );
    }

    return String::Format( "L\"%s\"",
                           String::ShowWideCString( wide_c_str ).c_str() );
}

// Compares two wide C strings.  Returns true iff they have the same
// content.
//
// Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A NULL
// C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
// including the empty string.
bool String::WideCStringEquals( const wchar_t* lhs, const wchar_t* rhs ) {
    if ( lhs == NULL ) {
        return rhs == NULL;
    }

    if ( rhs == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    return wcscmp( lhs, rhs ) == 0;
}

// Helper function for *_STREQ on wide strings.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTREQ( const char* expected_expression,
                                const char* actual_expression,
                                const wchar_t* expected,
                                const wchar_t* actual ) {
    if ( String::WideCStringEquals( expected, actual ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    return EqFailure( expected_expression,
                      actual_expression,
                      String::ShowWideCStringQuoted( expected ),
                      String::ShowWideCStringQuoted( actual ),
                      false );
}

// Helper function for *_STRNE on wide strings.
AssertionResult CmpHelperSTRNE( const char* s1_expression,
                                const char* s2_expression,
                                const wchar_t* s1,
                                const wchar_t* s2 ) {
    if ( !String::WideCStringEquals( s1, s2 ) ) {
        return AssertionSuccess();
    }

    Message msg;
    msg << "Expected: (" << s1_expression << ") != ("
        << s2_expression << "), actual: "
        << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted( s1 )
        << " vs " << String::ShowWideCStringQuoted( s2 );
    return AssertionFailure( msg );
}

// Compares two C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they have
// the same content.
//
// Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).  A
// NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
// including the empty string.
bool String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( const char* lhs, const char* rhs ) {
    if ( lhs == NULL ) {
        return rhs == NULL;
    }

    if ( rhs == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    return posix::StrCaseCmp( lhs, rhs ) == 0;
}

// Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case.  Returns true iff they
// have the same content.
//
// Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
// A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
// including the empty string.
// NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
// On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
// environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
// which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
// On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
// current locale.
bool String::CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals( const wchar_t* lhs,
        const wchar_t* rhs ) {
    if ( lhs == NULL ) {
        return rhs == NULL;
    }

    if ( rhs == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    return _wcsicmp( lhs, rhs ) == 0;
#elif GTEST_OS_LINUX
    return wcscasecmp( lhs, rhs ) == 0;
#else
    // Mac OS X and Cygwin don't define wcscasecmp.  Other unknown OSes
    // may not define it either.
    wint_t left, right;

    do {
        left = towlower( *lhs++ );
        right = towlower( *rhs++ );
    }
    while ( left && left == right );

    return left == right;
#endif  // OS selector
}

// Compares this with another String.
// Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
// if this is greater than rhs.
int String::Compare( const String& rhs ) const {
    const char* const lhs_c_str = c_str();
    const char* const rhs_c_str = rhs.c_str();

    if ( lhs_c_str == NULL ) {
        return rhs_c_str == NULL ? 0 : -1;  // NULL < anything except NULL
    }
    else if ( rhs_c_str == NULL ) {
        return 1;
    }

    const size_t shorter_str_len =
        length() <= rhs.length() ? length() : rhs.length();

    for ( size_t i = 0; i != shorter_str_len; i++ ) {
        if ( lhs_c_str[i] < rhs_c_str[i] ) {
            return -1;
        }
        else if ( lhs_c_str[i] > rhs_c_str[i] ) {
            return 1;
        }
    }

    return ( length() < rhs.length() ) ? -1 :
           ( length() > rhs.length() ) ? 1 : 0;
}

// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix.  *Any*
// String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
bool String::EndsWith( const char* suffix ) const {
    if ( suffix == NULL || CStringEquals( suffix, "" ) ) {
        return true;
    }

    if ( c_str() == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    const size_t this_len = strlen( c_str() );
    const size_t suffix_len = strlen( suffix );
    return ( this_len >= suffix_len ) &&
           CStringEquals( c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix );
}

// Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, ignoring case.
// Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
bool String::EndsWithCaseInsensitive( const char* suffix ) const {
    if ( suffix == NULL || CStringEquals( suffix, "" ) ) {
        return true;
    }

    if ( c_str() == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    const size_t this_len = strlen( c_str() );
    const size_t suffix_len = strlen( suffix );
    return ( this_len >= suffix_len ) &&
           CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( c_str() + this_len - suffix_len, suffix );
}

// Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
// spec string as for printf.
//
// We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
// available.
//
// The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing 0).
// If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input, or if
// there's an error, "<formatting error or buffer exceeded>" is
// returned.
String String::Format( const char* format, ... ) {
    va_list args;
    va_start( args, format );
    char buffer[4096];
    const int kBufferSize = sizeof( buffer ) / sizeof( buffer[0] );
    // MSVC 8 deprecates vsnprintf(), so we want to suppress warning
    // 4996 (deprecated function) there.
#ifdef _MSC_VER  // We are using MSVC.
#pragma warning(push)          // Saves the current warning state.
#pragma warning(disable:4996)  // Temporarily disables warning 4996.
    const int size = vsnprintf( buffer, kBufferSize, format, args );
#pragma warning(pop)           // Restores the warning state.
#else  // We are not using MSVC.
    const int size = vsnprintf( buffer, kBufferSize, format, args );
#endif  // _MSC_VER
    va_end( args );

    // vsnprintf()'s behavior is not portable.  When the buffer is not
    // big enough, it returns a negative value in MSVC, and returns the
    // needed buffer size on Linux.  When there is an output error, it
    // always returns a negative value.  For simplicity, we lump the two
    // error cases together.
    if ( size < 0 || size >= kBufferSize ) {
        return String( "<formatting error or buffer exceeded>" );
    }
    else {
        return String( buffer, size );
    }
}

// Converts the buffer in a StrStream to a String, converting NUL
// bytes to "\\0" along the way.
String StrStreamToString( StrStream* ss ) {
    const ::std::string& str = ss->str();
    const char* const start = str.c_str();
    const char* const end = start + str.length();
    // We need to use a helper StrStream to do this transformation
    // because String doesn't support push_back().
    StrStream helper;

    for ( const char* ch = start; ch != end; ++ch ) {
        if ( *ch == '\0' ) {
            helper << "\\0";  // Replaces NUL with "\\0";
        }
        else {
            helper.put( *ch );
        }
    }

    return String( helper.str().c_str() );
}

// Appends the user-supplied message to the Google-Test-generated message.
String AppendUserMessage( const String& gtest_msg,
                          const Message& user_msg ) {
    // Appends the user message if it's non-empty.
    const String user_msg_string = user_msg.GetString();

    if ( user_msg_string.empty() ) {
        return gtest_msg;
    }

    Message msg;
    msg << gtest_msg << "\n" << user_msg_string;
    return msg.GetString();
}

}  // namespace internal

// class TestResult

// Creates an empty TestResult.
TestResult::TestResult()
    : death_test_count_( 0 ),
      elapsed_time_( 0 ) {
}

// D'tor.
TestResult::~TestResult() {
}

// Returns the i-th test part result among all the results. i can
// range from 0 to total_part_count() - 1. If i is not in that range,
// aborts the program.
const TestPartResult& TestResult::GetTestPartResult( int i ) const {
    if ( i < 0 || i >= total_part_count() ) {
        internal::posix::Abort();
    }

    return test_part_results_.at( i );
}

// Returns the i-th test property. i can range from 0 to
// test_property_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, aborts the
// program.
const TestProperty& TestResult::GetTestProperty( int i ) const {
    if ( i < 0 || i >= test_property_count() ) {
        internal::posix::Abort();
    }

    return test_properties_.at( i );
}

// Clears the test part results.
void TestResult::ClearTestPartResults() {
    test_part_results_.clear();
}

// Adds a test part result to the list.
void TestResult::AddTestPartResult( const TestPartResult& test_part_result ) {
    test_part_results_.push_back( test_part_result );
}

// Adds a test property to the list. If a property with the same key as the
// supplied property is already represented, the value of this test_property
// replaces the old value for that key.
void TestResult::RecordProperty( const TestProperty& test_property ) {
    if ( !ValidateTestProperty( test_property ) ) {
        return;
    }

    internal::MutexLock lock( &test_properites_mutex_ );
    const std::vector<TestProperty>::iterator property_with_matching_key =
        std::find_if( test_properties_.begin(), test_properties_.end(),
                      internal::TestPropertyKeyIs( test_property.key() ) );

    if ( property_with_matching_key == test_properties_.end() ) {
        test_properties_.push_back( test_property );
        return;
    }

    property_with_matching_key->SetValue( test_property.value() );
}

// Adds a failure if the key is a reserved attribute of Google Test
// testcase tags.  Returns true if the property is valid.
bool TestResult::ValidateTestProperty( const TestProperty& test_property ) {
    internal::String key( test_property.key() );

    if ( key == "name" || key == "status" || key == "time" || key == "classname" ) {
        ADD_FAILURE()
                << "Reserved key used in RecordProperty(): "
                << key
                << " ('name', 'status', 'time', and 'classname' are reserved by "
                << GTEST_NAME_ << ")";
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

// Clears the object.
void TestResult::Clear() {
    test_part_results_.clear();
    test_properties_.clear();
    death_test_count_ = 0;
    elapsed_time_ = 0;
}

// Returns true iff the test failed.
bool TestResult::Failed() const {
    for ( int i = 0; i < total_part_count(); ++i ) {
        if ( GetTestPartResult( i ).failed() ) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

// Returns true iff the test part fatally failed.
static bool TestPartFatallyFailed( const TestPartResult& result ) {
    return result.fatally_failed();
}

// Returns true iff the test fatally failed.
bool TestResult::HasFatalFailure() const {
    return CountIf( test_part_results_, TestPartFatallyFailed ) > 0;
}

// Returns true iff the test part non-fatally failed.
static bool TestPartNonfatallyFailed( const TestPartResult& result ) {
    return result.nonfatally_failed();
}

// Returns true iff the test has a non-fatal failure.
bool TestResult::HasNonfatalFailure() const {
    return CountIf( test_part_results_, TestPartNonfatallyFailed ) > 0;
}

// Gets the number of all test parts.  This is the sum of the number
// of successful test parts and the number of failed test parts.
int TestResult::total_part_count() const {
    return static_cast<int>( test_part_results_.size() );
}

// Returns the number of the test properties.
int TestResult::test_property_count() const {
    return static_cast<int>( test_properties_.size() );
}

// class Test

// Creates a Test object.

// The c'tor saves the values of all Google Test flags.
Test::Test()
    : gtest_flag_saver_( new internal::GTestFlagSaver ) {
}

// The d'tor restores the values of all Google Test flags.
Test::~Test() {
    delete gtest_flag_saver_;
}

// Sets up the test fixture.
//
// A sub-class may override this.
void Test::SetUp() {
}

// Tears down the test fixture.
//
// A sub-class may override this.
void Test::TearDown() {
}

// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
void Test::RecordProperty( const char* key, const char* value ) {
    UnitTest::GetInstance()->RecordPropertyForCurrentTest( key, value );
}

// Allows user supplied key value pairs to be recorded for later output.
void Test::RecordProperty( const char* key, int value ) {
    Message value_message;
    value_message << value;
    RecordProperty( key, value_message.GetString().c_str() );
}

namespace internal {

void ReportFailureInUnknownLocation( TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                                     const String& message ) {
    // This function is a friend of UnitTest and as such has access to
    // AddTestPartResult.
    UnitTest::GetInstance()->AddTestPartResult(
        result_type,
        NULL,  // No info about the source file where the exception occurred.
        -1,    // We have no info on which line caused the exception.
        message,
        String() ); // No stack trace, either.
}

}  // namespace internal

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// We are on Windows.

// Adds an "exception thrown" fatal failure to the current test.
static void AddExceptionThrownFailure( DWORD exception_code,
                                       const char* location ) {
    Message message;
    message << "Exception thrown with code 0x" << std::setbase( 16 ) <<
            exception_code << std::setbase( 10 ) << " in " << location << ".";
    internal::ReportFailureInUnknownLocation( TestPartResult::kFatalFailure,
            message.GetString() );
}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Google Test requires all tests in the same test case to use the same test
// fixture class.  This function checks if the current test has the
// same fixture class as the first test in the current test case.  If
// yes, it returns true; otherwise it generates a Google Test failure and
// returns false.
bool Test::HasSameFixtureClass() {
    internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
    const TestCase* const test_case = impl->current_test_case();
    // Info about the first test in the current test case.
    const internal::TestInfoImpl* const first_test_info =
        test_case->test_info_list()[0]->impl();
    const internal::TypeId first_fixture_id = first_test_info->fixture_class_id();
    const char* const first_test_name = first_test_info->name();
    // Info about the current test.
    const internal::TestInfoImpl* const this_test_info =
        impl->current_test_info()->impl();
    const internal::TypeId this_fixture_id = this_test_info->fixture_class_id();
    const char* const this_test_name = this_test_info->name();

    if ( this_fixture_id != first_fixture_id ) {
        // Is the first test defined using TEST?
        const bool first_is_TEST = first_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();
        // Is this test defined using TEST?
        const bool this_is_TEST = this_fixture_id == internal::GetTestTypeId();

        if ( first_is_TEST || this_is_TEST ) {
            // The user mixed TEST and TEST_F in this test case - we'll tell
            // him/her how to fix it.
            // Gets the name of the TEST and the name of the TEST_F.  Note
            // that first_is_TEST and this_is_TEST cannot both be true, as
            // the fixture IDs are different for the two tests.
            const char* const TEST_name =
                first_is_TEST ? first_test_name : this_test_name;
            const char* const TEST_F_name =
                first_is_TEST ? this_test_name : first_test_name;
            ADD_FAILURE()
                    << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
                    << "class, so mixing TEST_F and TEST in the same test case is\n"
                    << "illegal.  In test case " << this_test_info->test_case_name()
                    << ",\n"
                    << "test " << TEST_F_name << " is defined using TEST_F but\n"
                    << "test " << TEST_name << " is defined using TEST.  You probably\n"
                    << "want to change the TEST to TEST_F or move it to another test\n"
                    << "case.";
        }
        else {
            // The user defined two fixture classes with the same name in
            // two namespaces - we'll tell him/her how to fix it.
            ADD_FAILURE()
                    << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
                    << "class.  However, in test case "
                    << this_test_info->test_case_name() << ",\n"
                    << "you defined test " << first_test_name
                    << " and test " << this_test_name << "\n"
                    << "using two different test fixture classes.  This can happen if\n"
                    << "the two classes are from different namespaces or translation\n"
                    << "units and have the same name.  You should probably rename one\n"
                    << "of the classes to put the tests into different test cases.";
        }

        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

// Runs the test and updates the test result.
void Test::Run() {
    if ( !HasSameFixtureClass() ) {
        return;
    }

    internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
    // Catch SEH-style exceptions.
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();

    __try {
        SetUp();
    }
    __except ( internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(
                   GetExceptionCode() ) ) {
        AddExceptionThrownFailure( GetExceptionCode(), "SetUp()" );
    }

    // We will run the test only if SetUp() had no fatal failure.
    if ( !HasFatalFailure() ) {
        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();

        __try {
            TestBody();
        }
        __except ( internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(
                       GetExceptionCode() ) ) {
            AddExceptionThrownFailure( GetExceptionCode(), "the test body" );
        }
    }

    // However, we want to clean up as much as possible.  Hence we will
    // always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
    // failed.
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();

    __try {
        TearDown();
    }
    __except ( internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(
                   GetExceptionCode() ) ) {
        AddExceptionThrownFailure( GetExceptionCode(), "TearDown()" );
    }

#else  // We are on a compiler or platform that doesn't support SEH.
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
    SetUp();

    // We will run the test only if SetUp() was successful.
    if ( !HasFatalFailure() ) {
        impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
        TestBody();
    }

    // However, we want to clean up as much as possible.  Hence we will
    // always call TearDown(), even if SetUp() or the test body has
    // failed.
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
    TearDown();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
}


// Returns true iff the current test has a fatal failure.
bool Test::HasFatalFailure() {
    return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->HasFatalFailure();
}

// Returns true iff the current test has a non-fatal failure.
bool Test::HasNonfatalFailure() {
    return internal::GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_result()->
           HasNonfatalFailure();
}

// class TestInfo

// Constructs a TestInfo object. It assumes ownership of the test factory
// object via impl_.
TestInfo::TestInfo( const char* a_test_case_name,
                    const char* a_name,
                    const char* a_test_case_comment,
                    const char* a_comment,
                    internal::TypeId fixture_class_id,
                    internal::TestFactoryBase* factory ) {
    impl_ = new internal::TestInfoImpl( this, a_test_case_name, a_name,
                                        a_test_case_comment, a_comment,
                                        fixture_class_id, factory );
}

// Destructs a TestInfo object.
TestInfo::~TestInfo() {
    delete impl_;
}

namespace internal {

// Creates a new TestInfo object and registers it with Google Test;
// returns the created object.
//
// Arguments:
//
//   test_case_name:   name of the test case
//   name:             name of the test
//   test_case_comment: a comment on the test case that will be included in
//                      the test output
//   comment:          a comment on the test that will be included in the
//                     test output
//   fixture_class_id: ID of the test fixture class
//   set_up_tc:        pointer to the function that sets up the test case
//   tear_down_tc:     pointer to the function that tears down the test case
//   factory:          pointer to the factory that creates a test object.
//                     The newly created TestInfo instance will assume
//                     ownership of the factory object.
TestInfo* MakeAndRegisterTestInfo(
    const char* test_case_name, const char* name,
    const char* test_case_comment, const char* comment,
    TypeId fixture_class_id,
    SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
    TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc,
    TestFactoryBase* factory ) {
    TestInfo* const test_info =
        new TestInfo( test_case_name, name, test_case_comment, comment,
                      fixture_class_id, factory );
    GetUnitTestImpl()->AddTestInfo( set_up_tc, tear_down_tc, test_info );
    return test_info;
}

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
void ReportInvalidTestCaseType( const char* test_case_name,
                                const char* file, int line ) {
    Message errors;
    errors
            << "Attempted redefinition of test case " << test_case_name << ".\n"
            << "All tests in the same test case must use the same test fixture\n"
            << "class.  However, in test case " << test_case_name << ", you tried\n"
            << "to define a test using a fixture class different from the one\n"
            << "used earlier. This can happen if the two fixture classes are\n"
            << "from different namespaces and have the same name. You should\n"
            << "probably rename one of the classes to put the tests into different\n"
            << "test cases.";
    fprintf( stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation( file, line ).c_str(),
             errors.GetString().c_str() );
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

}  // namespace internal

// Returns the test case name.
const char* TestInfo::test_case_name() const {
    return impl_->test_case_name();
}

// Returns the test name.
const char* TestInfo::name() const {
    return impl_->name();
}

// Returns the test case comment.
const char* TestInfo::test_case_comment() const {
    return impl_->test_case_comment();
}

// Returns the test comment.
const char* TestInfo::comment() const {
    return impl_->comment();
}

// Returns true if this test should run.
bool TestInfo::should_run() const {
    return impl_->should_run();
}

// Returns true if this test matches the user-specified filter.
bool TestInfo::matches_filter() const {
    return impl_->matches_filter();
}

// Returns the result of the test.
const TestResult* TestInfo::result() const {
    return impl_->result();
}

// Increments the number of death tests encountered in this test so
// far.
int TestInfo::increment_death_test_count() {
    return impl_->result()->increment_death_test_count();
}

namespace {

// A predicate that checks the test name of a TestInfo against a known
// value.
//
// This is used for implementation of the TestCase class only.  We put
// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
// namespace.
//
// TestNameIs is copyable.
class TestNameIs {
  public:
    // Constructor.
    //
    // TestNameIs has NO default constructor.
    explicit TestNameIs( const char* name )
        : name_( name ) {}

    // Returns true iff the test name of test_info matches name_.
    bool operator()( const TestInfo* test_info ) const {
        return test_info && internal::String( test_info->name() ).Compare( name_ ) == 0;
    }

  private:
    internal::String name_;
};

}  // namespace

namespace internal {

// This method expands all parameterized tests registered with macros TEST_P
// and INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P into regular tests and registers those.
// This will be done just once during the program runtime.
void UnitTestImpl::RegisterParameterizedTests() {
#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

    if ( !parameterized_tests_registered_ ) {
        parameterized_test_registry_.RegisterTests();
        parameterized_tests_registered_ = true;
    }

#endif
}

// Creates the test object, runs it, records its result, and then
// deletes it.
void TestInfoImpl::Run() {
    if ( !should_run_ ) {
        return;
    }

    // Tells UnitTest where to store test result.
    UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
    impl->set_current_test_info( parent_ );
    TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
    // Notifies the unit test event listeners that a test is about to start.
    repeater->OnTestStart( *parent_ );
    const TimeInMillis start = GetTimeInMillis();
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
    // Catch SEH-style exceptions.
    Test* test = NULL;

    __try {
        // Creates the test object.
        test = factory_->CreateTest();
    }
    __except ( internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(
                   GetExceptionCode() ) ) {
        AddExceptionThrownFailure( GetExceptionCode(),
                                   "the test fixture's constructor" );
        return;
    }

#else  // We are on a compiler or platform that doesn't support SEH.
    // TODO(wan): If test->Run() throws, test won't be deleted.  This is
    // not a problem now as we don't use exceptions.  If we were to
    // enable exceptions, we should revise the following to be
    // exception-safe.
    // Creates the test object.
    Test* test = factory_->CreateTest();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH

    // Runs the test only if the constructor of the test fixture didn't
    // generate a fatal failure.
    if ( !Test::HasFatalFailure() ) {
        test->Run();
    }

    // Deletes the test object.
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
    delete test;
    test = NULL;
    result_.set_elapsed_time( GetTimeInMillis() - start );
    // Notifies the unit test event listener that a test has just finished.
    repeater->OnTestEnd( *parent_ );
    // Tells UnitTest to stop associating assertion results to this
    // test.
    impl->set_current_test_info( NULL );
}

}  // namespace internal

// class TestCase

// Gets the number of successful tests in this test case.
int TestCase::successful_test_count() const {
    return CountIf( test_info_list_, TestPassed );
}

// Gets the number of failed tests in this test case.
int TestCase::failed_test_count() const {
    return CountIf( test_info_list_, TestFailed );
}

int TestCase::disabled_test_count() const {
    return CountIf( test_info_list_, TestDisabled );
}

// Get the number of tests in this test case that should run.
int TestCase::test_to_run_count() const {
    return CountIf( test_info_list_, ShouldRunTest );
}

// Gets the number of all tests.
int TestCase::total_test_count() const {
    return static_cast<int>( test_info_list_.size() );
}

// Creates a TestCase with the given name.
//
// Arguments:
//
//   name:         name of the test case
//   set_up_tc:    pointer to the function that sets up the test case
//   tear_down_tc: pointer to the function that tears down the test case
TestCase::TestCase( const char* a_name, const char* a_comment,
                    Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                    Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc )
    : name_( a_name ),
      comment_( a_comment ),
      set_up_tc_( set_up_tc ),
      tear_down_tc_( tear_down_tc ),
      should_run_( false ),
      elapsed_time_( 0 ) {
}

// Destructor of TestCase.
TestCase::~TestCase() {
    // Deletes every Test in the collection.
    ForEach( test_info_list_, internal::Delete<TestInfo> );
}

// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
const TestInfo* TestCase::GetTestInfo( int i ) const {
    const int index = GetElementOr( test_indices_, i, -1 );
    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
}

// Returns the i-th test among all the tests. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
TestInfo* TestCase::GetMutableTestInfo( int i ) {
    const int index = GetElementOr( test_indices_, i, -1 );
    return index < 0 ? NULL : test_info_list_[index];
}

// Adds a test to this test case.  Will delete the test upon
// destruction of the TestCase object.
void TestCase::AddTestInfo( TestInfo* test_info ) {
    test_info_list_.push_back( test_info );
    test_indices_.push_back( static_cast<int>( test_indices_.size() ) );
}

// Runs every test in this TestCase.
void TestCase::Run() {
    if ( !should_run_ ) {
        return;
    }

    internal::UnitTestImpl* const impl = internal::GetUnitTestImpl();
    impl->set_current_test_case( this );
    TestEventListener* repeater = UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().repeater();
    repeater->OnTestCaseStart( *this );
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
    set_up_tc_();
    const internal::TimeInMillis start = internal::GetTimeInMillis();

    for ( int i = 0; i < total_test_count(); i++ ) {
        GetMutableTestInfo( i )->impl()->Run();
    }

    elapsed_time_ = internal::GetTimeInMillis() - start;
    impl->os_stack_trace_getter()->UponLeavingGTest();
    tear_down_tc_();
    repeater->OnTestCaseEnd( *this );
    impl->set_current_test_case( NULL );
}

// Clears the results of all tests in this test case.
void TestCase::ClearResult() {
    ForEach( test_info_list_, internal::TestInfoImpl::ClearTestResult );
}

// Returns true iff test passed.
bool TestCase::TestPassed( const TestInfo* test_info ) {
    const internal::TestInfoImpl* const impl = test_info->impl();
    return impl->should_run() && impl->result()->Passed();
}

// Returns true iff test failed.
bool TestCase::TestFailed( const TestInfo* test_info ) {
    const internal::TestInfoImpl* const impl = test_info->impl();
    return impl->should_run() && impl->result()->Failed();
}

// Returns true iff test is disabled.
bool TestCase::TestDisabled( const TestInfo* test_info ) {
    return test_info->impl()->is_disabled();
}

// Returns true if the given test should run.
bool TestCase::ShouldRunTest( const TestInfo* test_info ) {
    return test_info->impl()->should_run();
}

// Shuffles the tests in this test case.
void TestCase::ShuffleTests( internal::Random* random ) {
    Shuffle( random, &test_indices_ );
}

// Restores the test order to before the first shuffle.
void TestCase::UnshuffleTests() {
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < test_indices_.size(); i++ ) {
        test_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>( i );
    }
}

// Formats a countable noun.  Depending on its quantity, either the
// singular form or the plural form is used. e.g.
//
// FormatCountableNoun(1, "formula", "formuli") returns "1 formula".
// FormatCountableNoun(5, "book", "books") returns "5 books".
static internal::String FormatCountableNoun( int count,
        const char* singular_form,
        const char* plural_form ) {
    return internal::String::Format( "%d %s", count,
                                     count == 1 ? singular_form : plural_form );
}

// Formats the count of tests.
static internal::String FormatTestCount( int test_count ) {
    return FormatCountableNoun( test_count, "test", "tests" );
}

// Formats the count of test cases.
static internal::String FormatTestCaseCount( int test_case_count ) {
    return FormatCountableNoun( test_case_count, "test case", "test cases" );
}

// Converts a TestPartResult::Type enum to human-friendly string
// representation.  Both kNonFatalFailure and kFatalFailure are translated
// to "Failure", as the user usually doesn't care about the difference
// between the two when viewing the test result.
static const char* TestPartResultTypeToString( TestPartResult::Type type ) {
    switch ( type ) {
    case TestPartResult::kSuccess:
        return "Success";

    case TestPartResult::kNonFatalFailure:
    case TestPartResult::kFatalFailure:
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        return "error: ";
#else
        return "Failure\n";
#endif
    }

    return "Unknown result type";
}

// Prints a TestPartResult to a String.
static internal::String PrintTestPartResultToString(
    const TestPartResult& test_part_result ) {
    return ( Message()
             << internal::FormatFileLocation( test_part_result.file_name(),
                     test_part_result.line_number() )
             << " " << TestPartResultTypeToString( test_part_result.type() )
             << test_part_result.message() ).GetString();
}

// Prints a TestPartResult.
static void PrintTestPartResult( const TestPartResult& test_part_result ) {
    const internal::String& result =
        PrintTestPartResultToString( test_part_result );
    printf( "%s\n", result.c_str() );
    fflush( stdout );
    // If the test program runs in Visual Studio or a debugger, the
    // following statements add the test part result message to the Output
    // window such that the user can double-click on it to jump to the
    // corresponding source code location; otherwise they do nothing.
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    // We don't call OutputDebugString*() on Windows Mobile, as printing
    // to stdout is done by OutputDebugString() there already - we don't
    // want the same message printed twice.
    ::OutputDebugStringA( result.c_str() );
    ::OutputDebugStringA( "\n" );
#endif
}

// class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

namespace internal {

enum GTestColor {
    COLOR_DEFAULT,
    COLOR_RED,
    COLOR_GREEN,
    COLOR_YELLOW
};

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Returns the character attribute for the given color.
WORD GetColorAttribute( GTestColor color ) {
    switch ( color ) {
    case COLOR_RED:
        return FOREGROUND_RED;

    case COLOR_GREEN:
        return FOREGROUND_GREEN;

    case COLOR_YELLOW:
        return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN;

    default:
        return 0;
    }
}

#else

// Returns the ANSI color code for the given color.  COLOR_DEFAULT is
// an invalid input.
const char* GetAnsiColorCode( GTestColor color ) {
    switch ( color ) {
    case COLOR_RED:
        return "1";

    case COLOR_GREEN:
        return "2";

    case COLOR_YELLOW:
        return "3";

    default:
        return NULL;
    };
}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Returns true iff Google Test should use colors in the output.
bool ShouldUseColor( bool stdout_is_tty ) {
    const char* const gtest_color = GTEST_FLAG( color ).c_str();

    if ( String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( gtest_color, "auto" ) ) {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
        // On Windows the TERM variable is usually not set, but the
        // console there does support colors.
        return stdout_is_tty;
#else
        // On non-Windows platforms, we rely on the TERM variable.
        const char* const term = posix::GetEnv( "TERM" );
        const bool term_supports_color =
            String::CStringEquals( term, "xterm" ) ||
            String::CStringEquals( term, "xterm-color" ) ||
            String::CStringEquals( term, "xterm-256color" ) ||
            String::CStringEquals( term, "linux" ) ||
            String::CStringEquals( term, "cygwin" );
        return stdout_is_tty && term_supports_color;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    }

    return String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( gtest_color, "yes" ) ||
           String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( gtest_color, "true" ) ||
           String::CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals( gtest_color, "t" ) ||
           String::CStringEquals( gtest_color, "1" );
    // We take "yes", "true", "t", and "1" as meaning "yes".  If the
    // value is neither one of these nor "auto", we treat it as "no" to
    // be conservative.
}

// Helpers for printing colored strings to stdout. Note that on Windows, we
// cannot simply emit special characters and have the terminal change colors.
// This routine must actually emit the characters rather than return a string
// that would be colored when printed, as can be done on Linux.
void ColoredPrintf( GTestColor color, const char* fmt, ... ) {
    va_list args;
    va_start( args, fmt );
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
    const bool use_color = false;
#else
    static const bool in_color_mode =
        ShouldUseColor( posix::IsATTY( posix::FileNo( stdout ) ) != 0 );
    const bool use_color = in_color_mode && ( color != COLOR_DEFAULT );
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_ZOS
    // The '!= 0' comparison is necessary to satisfy MSVC 7.1.

    if ( !use_color ) {
        vprintf( fmt, args );
        va_end( args );
        return;
    }

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    const HANDLE stdout_handle = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );
    // Gets the current text color.
    CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO buffer_info;
    GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo( stdout_handle, &buffer_info );
    const WORD old_color_attrs = buffer_info.wAttributes;
    // We need to flush the stream buffers into the console before each
    // SetConsoleTextAttribute call lest it affect the text that is already
    // printed but has not yet reached the console.
    fflush( stdout );
    SetConsoleTextAttribute( stdout_handle,
                             GetColorAttribute( color ) | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY );
    vprintf( fmt, args );
    fflush( stdout );
    // Restores the text color.
    SetConsoleTextAttribute( stdout_handle, old_color_attrs );
#else
    printf( "\033[0;3%sm", GetAnsiColorCode( color ) );
    vprintf( fmt, args );
    printf( "\033[m" ); // Resets the terminal to default.
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    va_end( args );
}

// This class implements the TestEventListener interface.
//
// Class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter is copyable.
class PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter : public TestEventListener {
  public:
    PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter() {}
    static void PrintTestName( const char* test_case, const char* test ) {
        printf( "%s.%s", test_case, test );
    }

    // The following methods override what's in the TestEventListener class.
    virtual void OnTestProgramStart( const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/ ) {}
    virtual void OnTestIterationStart( const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart( const UnitTest& unit_test );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd( const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/ ) {}
    virtual void OnTestCaseStart( const TestCase& test_case );
    virtual void OnTestStart( const TestInfo& test_info );
    virtual void OnTestPartResult( const TestPartResult& result );
    virtual void OnTestEnd( const TestInfo& test_info );
    virtual void OnTestCaseEnd( const TestCase& test_case );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart( const UnitTest& unit_test );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd( const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/ ) {}
    virtual void OnTestIterationEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration );
    virtual void OnTestProgramEnd( const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/ ) {}

  private:
    static void PrintFailedTests( const UnitTest& unit_test );

    internal::String test_case_name_;
};

// Fired before each iteration of tests starts.
void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationStart(
    const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration ) {
    if ( GTEST_FLAG( repeat ) != 1 ) {
        printf( "\nRepeating all tests (iteration %d) . . .\n\n", iteration + 1 );
    }

    const char* const filter = GTEST_FLAG( filter ).c_str();

    // Prints the filter if it's not *.  This reminds the user that some
    // tests may be skipped.
    if ( !internal::String::CStringEquals( filter, kUniversalFilter ) ) {
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_YELLOW,
                       "Note: %s filter = %s\n", GTEST_NAME_, filter );
    }

    if ( internal::ShouldShard( kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex, false ) ) {
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_YELLOW,
                       "Note: This is test shard %s of %s.\n",
                       internal::posix::GetEnv( kTestShardIndex ),
                       internal::posix::GetEnv( kTestTotalShards ) );
    }

    if ( GTEST_FLAG( shuffle ) ) {
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_YELLOW,
                       "Note: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of %d .\n",
                       unit_test.random_seed() );
    }

    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] " );
    printf( "Running %s from %s.\n",
            FormatTestCount( unit_test.test_to_run_count() ).c_str(),
            FormatTestCaseCount( unit_test.test_case_to_run_count() ).c_str() );
    fflush( stdout );
}

void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart(
    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/ ) {
    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] " );
    printf( "Global test environment set-up.\n" );
    fflush( stdout );
}

void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseStart( const TestCase& test_case ) {
    test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
    const internal::String counts =
        FormatCountableNoun( test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests" );
    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] " );
    printf( "%s from %s", counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str() );

    if ( test_case.comment()[0] == '\0' ) {
        printf( "\n" );
    }
    else {
        printf( ", where %s\n", test_case.comment() );
    }

    fflush( stdout );
}

void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestStart( const TestInfo& test_info ) {
    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN,  "[ RUN      ] " );
    PrintTestName( test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name() );

    if ( test_info.comment()[0] == '\0' ) {
        printf( "\n" );
    }
    else {
        printf( ", where %s\n", test_info.comment() );
    }

    fflush( stdout );
}

// Called after an assertion failure.
void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestPartResult(
    const TestPartResult& result ) {
    // If the test part succeeded, we don't need to do anything.
    if ( result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess ) {
        return;
    }

    // Print failure message from the assertion (e.g. expected this and got that).
    PrintTestPartResult( result );
    fflush( stdout );
}

void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestEnd( const TestInfo& test_info ) {
    if ( test_info.result()->Passed() ) {
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN, "[       OK ] " );
    }
    else {
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] " );
    }

    PrintTestName( test_case_name_.c_str(), test_info.name() );

    if ( GTEST_FLAG( print_time ) ) {
        printf( " (%s ms)\n", internal::StreamableToString(
                    test_info.result()->elapsed_time() ).c_str() );
    }
    else {
        printf( "\n" );
    }

    fflush( stdout );
}

void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestCaseEnd( const TestCase& test_case ) {
    if ( !GTEST_FLAG( print_time ) ) {
        return;
    }

    test_case_name_ = test_case.name();
    const internal::String counts =
        FormatCountableNoun( test_case.test_to_run_count(), "test", "tests" );
    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN, "[----------] " );
    printf( "%s from %s (%s ms total)\n\n",
            counts.c_str(), test_case_name_.c_str(),
            internal::StreamableToString( test_case.elapsed_time() ).c_str() );
    fflush( stdout );
}

void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart(
    const UnitTest& /*unit_test*/ ) {
    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN,  "[----------] " );
    printf( "Global test environment tear-down\n" );
    fflush( stdout );
}

// Internal helper for printing the list of failed tests.
void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintFailedTests( const UnitTest&
        unit_test ) {
    const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();

    if ( failed_test_count == 0 ) {
        return;
    }

    for ( int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i ) {
        const TestCase& test_case = *unit_test.GetTestCase( i );

        if ( !test_case.should_run() || ( test_case.failed_test_count() == 0 ) ) {
            continue;
        }

        for ( int j = 0; j < test_case.total_test_count(); ++j ) {
            const TestInfo& test_info = *test_case.GetTestInfo( j );

            if ( !test_info.should_run() || test_info.result()->Passed() ) {
                continue;
            }

            ColoredPrintf( COLOR_RED, "[  FAILED  ] " );
            printf( "%s.%s", test_case.name(), test_info.name() );

            if ( test_case.comment()[0] != '\0' ||
                    test_info.comment()[0] != '\0' ) {
                printf( ", where %s", test_case.comment() );

                if ( test_case.comment()[0] != '\0' &&
                        test_info.comment()[0] != '\0' ) {
                    printf( " and " );
                }
            }

            printf( "%s\n", test_info.comment() );
        }
    }
}

void PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test,
        int /*iteration*/ ) {
    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN,  "[==========] " );
    printf( "%s from %s ran.",
            FormatTestCount( unit_test.test_to_run_count() ).c_str(),
            FormatTestCaseCount( unit_test.test_case_to_run_count() ).c_str() );

    if ( GTEST_FLAG( print_time ) ) {
        printf( " (%s ms total)",
                internal::StreamableToString( unit_test.elapsed_time() ).c_str() );
    }

    printf( "\n" );
    ColoredPrintf( COLOR_GREEN,  "[  PASSED  ] " );
    printf( "%s.\n", FormatTestCount( unit_test.successful_test_count() ).c_str() );
    int num_failures = unit_test.failed_test_count();

    if ( !unit_test.Passed() ) {
        const int failed_test_count = unit_test.failed_test_count();
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_RED,  "[  FAILED  ] " );
        printf( "%s, listed below:\n", FormatTestCount( failed_test_count ).c_str() );
        PrintFailedTests( unit_test );
        printf( "\n%2d FAILED %s\n", num_failures,
                num_failures == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS" );
    }

    int num_disabled = unit_test.disabled_test_count();

    if ( num_disabled && !GTEST_FLAG( also_run_disabled_tests ) ) {
        if ( !num_failures ) {
            printf( "\n" ); // Add a spacer if no FAILURE banner is displayed.
        }

        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_YELLOW,
                       "  YOU HAVE %d DISABLED %s\n\n",
                       num_disabled,
                       num_disabled == 1 ? "TEST" : "TESTS" );
    }

    // Ensure that Google Test output is printed before, e.g., heapchecker output.
    fflush( stdout );
}

// End PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter

// class TestEventRepeater
//
// This class forwards events to other event listeners.
class TestEventRepeater : public TestEventListener {
  public:
    TestEventRepeater() : forwarding_enabled_( true ) {}
    virtual ~TestEventRepeater();
    void Append( TestEventListener* listener );
    TestEventListener* Release( TestEventListener* listener );

    // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
    // in death test child processes.
    bool forwarding_enabled() const {
        return forwarding_enabled_;
    }
    void set_forwarding_enabled( bool enable ) {
        forwarding_enabled_ = enable;
    }

    virtual void OnTestProgramStart( const UnitTest& unit_test );
    virtual void OnTestIterationStart( const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart( const UnitTest& unit_test );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test );
    virtual void OnTestCaseStart( const TestCase& test_case );
    virtual void OnTestStart( const TestInfo& test_info );
    virtual void OnTestPartResult( const TestPartResult& result );
    virtual void OnTestEnd( const TestInfo& test_info );
    virtual void OnTestCaseEnd( const TestCase& test_case );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart( const UnitTest& unit_test );
    virtual void OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test );
    virtual void OnTestIterationEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration );
    virtual void OnTestProgramEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test );

  private:
    // Controls whether events will be forwarded to listeners_. Set to false
    // in death test child processes.
    bool forwarding_enabled_;
    // The list of listeners that receive events.
    std::vector<TestEventListener*> listeners_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( TestEventRepeater );
};

TestEventRepeater::~TestEventRepeater() {
    ForEach( listeners_, Delete<TestEventListener> );
}

void TestEventRepeater::Append( TestEventListener* listener ) {
    listeners_.push_back( listener );
}

// TODO(vladl@google.com): Factor the search functionality into Vector::Find.
TestEventListener* TestEventRepeater::Release( TestEventListener* listener ) {
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); ++i ) {
        if ( listeners_[i] == listener ) {
            listeners_.erase( listeners_.begin() + i );
            return listener;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

// Since most methods are very similar, use macros to reduce boilerplate.
// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners.
#define GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
    for (size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++) { \
      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
    } \
  } \
}
// This defines a member that forwards the call to all listeners in reverse
// order.
#define GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_(Name, Type) \
void TestEventRepeater::Name(const Type& parameter) { \
  if (forwarding_enabled_) { \
    for (int i = static_cast<int>(listeners_.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) { \
      listeners_[i]->Name(parameter); \
    } \
  } \
}

GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnTestProgramStart, UnitTest )
GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart, UnitTest )
GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnTestCaseStart, TestCase )
GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnTestStart, TestInfo )
GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnTestPartResult, TestPartResult )
GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart, UnitTest )
GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd, UnitTest )
GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd, UnitTest )
GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnTestEnd, TestInfo )
GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnTestCaseEnd, TestCase )
GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_( OnTestProgramEnd, UnitTest )

#undef GTEST_REPEATER_METHOD_
#undef GTEST_REVERSE_REPEATER_METHOD_

void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationStart( const UnitTest& unit_test,
        int iteration ) {
    if ( forwarding_enabled_ ) {
        for ( size_t i = 0; i < listeners_.size(); i++ ) {
            listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationStart( unit_test, iteration );
        }
    }
}

void TestEventRepeater::OnTestIterationEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test,
        int iteration ) {
    if ( forwarding_enabled_ ) {
        for ( int i = static_cast<int>( listeners_.size() ) - 1; i >= 0; i-- ) {
            listeners_[i]->OnTestIterationEnd( unit_test, iteration );
        }
    }
}

// End TestEventRepeater

// This class generates an XML output file.
class XmlUnitTestResultPrinter : public EmptyTestEventListener {
  public:
    explicit XmlUnitTestResultPrinter( const char* output_file );

    virtual void OnTestIterationEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test, int iteration );

  private:
    // Is c a whitespace character that is normalized to a space character
    // when it appears in an XML attribute value?
    static bool IsNormalizableWhitespace( char c ) {
        return c == 0x9 || c == 0xA || c == 0xD;
    }

    // May c appear in a well-formed XML document?
    static bool IsValidXmlCharacter( char c ) {
        return IsNormalizableWhitespace( c ) || c >= 0x20;
    }

    // Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If
    // is_attribute is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute
    // value, and normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it
    // with character references.
    static String EscapeXml( const char* str, bool is_attribute );

    // Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
    static String RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters( const char* str );

    // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is an attribute value.
    static String EscapeXmlAttribute( const char* str ) {
        return EscapeXml( str, true );
    }

    // Convenience wrapper around EscapeXml when str is not an attribute value.
    static String EscapeXmlText( const char* str ) {
        return EscapeXml( str, false );
    }

    // Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
    static void OutputXmlCDataSection( ::std::ostream* stream, const char* data );

    // Streams an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
    static void OutputXmlTestInfo( ::std::ostream* stream,
                                   const char* test_case_name,
                                   const TestInfo& test_info );

    // Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
    static void PrintXmlTestCase( FILE* out, const TestCase& test_case );

    // Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
    static void PrintXmlUnitTest( FILE* out, const UnitTest& unit_test );

    // Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
    // delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
    // When the String is not empty, it includes a space at the beginning,
    // to delimit this attribute from prior attributes.
    static String TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes( const TestResult& result );

    // The output file.
    const String output_file_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( XmlUnitTestResultPrinter );
};

// Creates a new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter.
XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::XmlUnitTestResultPrinter( const char* output_file )
    : output_file_( output_file ) {
    if ( output_file_.c_str() == NULL || output_file_.empty() ) {
        fprintf( stderr, "XML output file may not be null\n" );
        fflush( stderr );
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }
}

// Called after the unit test ends.
void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OnTestIterationEnd( const UnitTest& unit_test,
        int /*iteration*/ ) {
    FILE* xmlout = NULL;
    FilePath output_file( output_file_ );
    FilePath output_dir( output_file.RemoveFileName() );

    if ( output_dir.CreateDirectoriesRecursively() ) {
        xmlout = posix::FOpen( output_file_.c_str(), "w" );
    }

    if ( xmlout == NULL ) {
        // TODO(wan): report the reason of the failure.
        //
        // We don't do it for now as:
        //
        //   1. There is no urgent need for it.
        //   2. It's a bit involved to make the errno variable thread-safe on
        //      all three operating systems (Linux, Windows, and Mac OS).
        //   3. To interpret the meaning of errno in a thread-safe way,
        //      we need the strerror_r() function, which is not available on
        //      Windows.
        fprintf( stderr,
                 "Unable to open file \"%s\"\n",
                 output_file_.c_str() );
        fflush( stderr );
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }

    PrintXmlUnitTest( xmlout, unit_test );
    fclose( xmlout );
}

// Returns an XML-escaped copy of the input string str.  If is_attribute
// is true, the text is meant to appear as an attribute value, and
// normalizable whitespace is preserved by replacing it with character
// references.
//
// Invalid XML characters in str, if any, are stripped from the output.
// It is expected that most, if not all, of the text processed by this
// module will consist of ordinary English text.
// If this module is ever modified to produce version 1.1 XML output,
// most invalid characters can be retained using character references.
// TODO(wan): It might be nice to have a minimally invasive, human-readable
// escaping scheme for invalid characters, rather than dropping them.
String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::EscapeXml( const char* str,
        bool is_attribute ) {
    Message m;

    if ( str != NULL ) {
        for ( const char* src = str; *src; ++src ) {
            switch ( *src ) {
            case '<':
                m << "&lt;";
                break;

            case '>':
                m << "&gt;";
                break;

            case '&':
                m << "&amp;";
                break;

            case '\'':
                if ( is_attribute ) {
                    m << "&apos;";
                }
                else {
                    m << '\'';
                }

                break;

            case '"':
                if ( is_attribute ) {
                    m << "&quot;";
                }
                else {
                    m << '"';
                }

                break;

            default:
                if ( IsValidXmlCharacter( *src ) ) {
                    if ( is_attribute && IsNormalizableWhitespace( *src ) ) {
                        m << String::Format( "&#x%02X;", unsigned( *src ) );
                    }
                    else {
                        m << *src;
                    }
                }

                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return m.GetString();
}

// Returns the given string with all characters invalid in XML removed.
// Currently invalid characters are dropped from the string. An
// alternative is to replace them with certain characters such as . or ?.
String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters( const char* str ) {
    char* const output = new char[strlen( str ) + 1];
    char* appender = output;

    for ( char ch = *str; ch != '\0'; ch = *++str )
        if ( IsValidXmlCharacter( ch ) ) {
            * appender++ = ch;
        }

    *appender = '\0';
    String ret_value( output );
    delete[] output;
    return ret_value;
}

// The following routines generate an XML representation of a UnitTest
// object.
//
// This is how Google Test concepts map to the DTD:
//
// <testsuites name="AllTests">        <-- corresponds to a UnitTest object
//   <testsuite name="testcase-name">  <-- corresponds to a TestCase object
//     <testcase name="test-name">     <-- corresponds to a TestInfo object
//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
//       <failure message="...">...</failure>
//                                     <-- individual assertion failures
//     </testcase>
//   </testsuite>
// </testsuites>

// Formats the given time in milliseconds as seconds.
std::string FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds( TimeInMillis ms ) {
    ::std::stringstream ss;
    ss << ms / 1000.0;
    return ss.str();
}

// Streams an XML CDATA section, escaping invalid CDATA sequences as needed.
void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlCDataSection( ::std::ostream* stream,
        const char* data ) {
    const char* segment = data;
    *stream << "<![CDATA[";

    for ( ;; ) {
        const char* const next_segment = strstr( segment, "]]>" );

        if ( next_segment != NULL ) {
            stream->write(
                segment, static_cast<std::streamsize>( next_segment - segment ) );
            *stream << "]]>]]&gt;<![CDATA[";
            segment = next_segment + strlen( "]]>" );
        }
        else {
            *stream << segment;
            break;
        }
    }

    *stream << "]]>";
}

// Prints an XML representation of a TestInfo object.
// TODO(wan): There is also value in printing properties with the plain printer.
void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::OutputXmlTestInfo( ::std::ostream* stream,
        const char* test_case_name,
        const TestInfo& test_info ) {
    const TestResult& result = *test_info.result();
    *stream << "    <testcase name=\""
            << EscapeXmlAttribute( test_info.name() ).c_str()
            << "\" status=\""
            << ( test_info.should_run() ? "run" : "notrun" )
            << "\" time=\""
            << FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds( result.elapsed_time() )
            << "\" classname=\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute( test_case_name ).c_str()
            << "\"" << TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes( result ).c_str();
    int failures = 0;

    for ( int i = 0; i < result.total_part_count(); ++i ) {
        const TestPartResult& part = result.GetTestPartResult( i );

        if ( part.failed() ) {
            if ( ++failures == 1 ) {
                *stream << ">\n";
            }

            *stream << "      <failure message=\""
                    << EscapeXmlAttribute( part.summary() ).c_str()
                    << "\" type=\"\">";
            const String message = RemoveInvalidXmlCharacters( String::Format(
                                       "%s:%d\n%s",
                                       part.file_name(), part.line_number(),
                                       part.message() ).c_str() );
            OutputXmlCDataSection( stream, message.c_str() );
            *stream << "</failure>\n";
        }
    }

    if ( failures == 0 ) {
        *stream << " />\n";
    }
    else {
        *stream << "    </testcase>\n";
    }
}

// Prints an XML representation of a TestCase object
void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlTestCase( FILE* out,
        const TestCase& test_case ) {
    fprintf( out,
             "  <testsuite name=\"%s\" tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" "
             "disabled=\"%d\" ",
             EscapeXmlAttribute( test_case.name() ).c_str(),
             test_case.total_test_count(),
             test_case.failed_test_count(),
             test_case.disabled_test_count() );
    fprintf( out,
             "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\">\n",
             FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds( test_case.elapsed_time() ).c_str() );

    for ( int i = 0; i < test_case.total_test_count(); ++i ) {
        StrStream stream;
        OutputXmlTestInfo( &stream, test_case.name(), *test_case.GetTestInfo( i ) );
        fprintf( out, "%s", StrStreamToString( &stream ).c_str() );
    }

    fprintf( out, "  </testsuite>\n" );
}

// Prints an XML summary of unit_test to output stream out.
void XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::PrintXmlUnitTest( FILE* out,
        const UnitTest& unit_test ) {
    fprintf( out, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n" );
    fprintf( out,
             "<testsuites tests=\"%d\" failures=\"%d\" disabled=\"%d\" "
             "errors=\"0\" time=\"%s\" ",
             unit_test.total_test_count(),
             unit_test.failed_test_count(),
             unit_test.disabled_test_count(),
             FormatTimeInMillisAsSeconds( unit_test.elapsed_time() ).c_str() );

    if ( GTEST_FLAG( shuffle ) ) {
        fprintf( out, "random_seed=\"%d\" ", unit_test.random_seed() );
    }

    fprintf( out, "name=\"AllTests\">\n" );

    for ( int i = 0; i < unit_test.total_test_case_count(); ++i ) {
        PrintXmlTestCase( out, *unit_test.GetTestCase( i ) );
    }

    fprintf( out, "</testsuites>\n" );
}

// Produces a string representing the test properties in a result as space
// delimited XML attributes based on the property key="value" pairs.
String XmlUnitTestResultPrinter::TestPropertiesAsXmlAttributes(
    const TestResult& result ) {
    Message attributes;

    for ( int i = 0; i < result.test_property_count(); ++i ) {
        const TestProperty& property = result.GetTestProperty( i );
        attributes << " " << property.key() << "="
                   << "\"" << EscapeXmlAttribute( property.value() ) << "\"";
    }

    return attributes.GetString();
}

// End XmlUnitTestResultPrinter

// Class ScopedTrace

// Pushes the given source file location and message onto a per-thread
// trace stack maintained by Google Test.
// L < UnitTest::mutex_
ScopedTrace::ScopedTrace( const char* file, int line, const Message& message ) {
    TraceInfo trace;
    trace.file = file;
    trace.line = line;
    trace.message = message.GetString();
    UnitTest::GetInstance()->PushGTestTrace( trace );
}

// Pops the info pushed by the c'tor.
// L < UnitTest::mutex_
ScopedTrace::~ScopedTrace() {
    UnitTest::GetInstance()->PopGTestTrace();
}


// class OsStackTraceGetter

// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.  Parameters:
//
//   max_depth  - the maximum number of stack frames to be included
//                in the trace.
//   skip_count - the number of top frames to be skipped; doesn't count
//                against max_depth.
//
// L < mutex_
// We use "L < mutex_" to denote that the function may acquire mutex_.
String OsStackTraceGetter::CurrentStackTrace( int, int ) {
    return String( "" );
}

// L < mutex_
void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() {
}

const char* const
OsStackTraceGetter::kElidedFramesMarker =
    "... " GTEST_NAME_ " internal frames ...";

}  // namespace internal

// class TestEventListeners

TestEventListeners::TestEventListeners()
    : repeater_( new internal::TestEventRepeater() ),
      default_result_printer_( NULL ),
      default_xml_generator_( NULL ) {
}

TestEventListeners::~TestEventListeners() {
    delete repeater_;
}

// Returns the standard listener responsible for the default console
// output.  Can be removed from the listeners list to shut down default
// console output.  Note that removing this object from the listener list
// with Release transfers its ownership to the user.
void TestEventListeners::Append( TestEventListener* listener ) {
    repeater_->Append( listener );
}

// Removes the given event listener from the list and returns it.  It then
// becomes the caller's responsibility to delete the listener. Returns
// NULL if the listener is not found in the list.
TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::Release( TestEventListener* listener ) {
    if ( listener == default_result_printer_ ) {
        default_result_printer_ = NULL;
    }
    else if ( listener == default_xml_generator_ ) {
        default_xml_generator_ = NULL;
    }

    return repeater_->Release( listener );
}

// Returns repeater that broadcasts the TestEventListener events to all
// subscribers.
TestEventListener* TestEventListeners::repeater() {
    return repeater_;
}

// Sets the default_result_printer attribute to the provided listener.
// The listener is also added to the listener list and previous
// default_result_printer is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultResultPrinter( TestEventListener*
        listener ) {
    if ( default_result_printer_ != listener ) {
        // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
        // list.
        delete Release( default_result_printer_ );
        default_result_printer_ = listener;

        if ( listener != NULL ) {
            Append( listener );
        }
    }
}

// Sets the default_xml_generator attribute to the provided listener.  The
// listener is also added to the listener list and previous
// default_xml_generator is removed from it and deleted. The listener can
// also be NULL in which case it will not be added to the list. Does
// nothing if the previous and the current listener objects are the same.
void TestEventListeners::SetDefaultXmlGenerator( TestEventListener* listener ) {
    if ( default_xml_generator_ != listener ) {
        // It is an error to pass this method a listener that is already in the
        // list.
        delete Release( default_xml_generator_ );
        default_xml_generator_ = listener;

        if ( listener != NULL ) {
            Append( listener );
        }
    }
}

// Controls whether events will be forwarded by the repeater to the
// listeners in the list.
bool TestEventListeners::EventForwardingEnabled() const {
    return repeater_->forwarding_enabled();
}

void TestEventListeners::SuppressEventForwarding() {
    repeater_->set_forwarding_enabled( false );
}

// class UnitTest

// Gets the singleton UnitTest object.  The first time this method is
// called, a UnitTest object is constructed and returned.  Consecutive
// calls will return the same object.
//
// We don't protect this under mutex_ as a user is not supposed to
// call this before main() starts, from which point on the return
// value will never change.
UnitTest* UnitTest::GetInstance() {
    // When compiled with MSVC 7.1 in optimized mode, destroying the
    // UnitTest object upon exiting the program messes up the exit code,
    // causing successful tests to appear failed.  We have to use a
    // different implementation in this case to bypass the compiler bug.
    // This implementation makes the compiler happy, at the cost of
    // leaking the UnitTest object.
    // CodeGear C++Builder insists on a public destructor for the
    // default implementation.  Use this implementation to keep good OO
    // design with private destructor.
#if (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
    static UnitTest* const instance = new UnitTest;
    return instance;
#else
    static UnitTest instance;
    return &instance;
#endif  // (_MSC_VER == 1310 && !defined(_DEBUG)) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
}

// Gets the number of successful test cases.
int UnitTest::successful_test_case_count() const {
    return impl()->successful_test_case_count();
}

// Gets the number of failed test cases.
int UnitTest::failed_test_case_count() const {
    return impl()->failed_test_case_count();
}

// Gets the number of all test cases.
int UnitTest::total_test_case_count() const {
    return impl()->total_test_case_count();
}

// Gets the number of all test cases that contain at least one test
// that should run.
int UnitTest::test_case_to_run_count() const {
    return impl()->test_case_to_run_count();
}

// Gets the number of successful tests.
int UnitTest::successful_test_count() const {
    return impl()->successful_test_count();
}

// Gets the number of failed tests.
int UnitTest::failed_test_count() const {
    return impl()->failed_test_count();
}

// Gets the number of disabled tests.
int UnitTest::disabled_test_count() const {
    return impl()->disabled_test_count();
}

// Gets the number of all tests.
int UnitTest::total_test_count() const {
    return impl()->total_test_count();
}

// Gets the number of tests that should run.
int UnitTest::test_to_run_count() const {
    return impl()->test_to_run_count();
}

// Gets the elapsed time, in milliseconds.
internal::TimeInMillis UnitTest::elapsed_time() const {
    return impl()->elapsed_time();
}

// Returns true iff the unit test passed (i.e. all test cases passed).
bool UnitTest::Passed() const {
    return impl()->Passed();
}

// Returns true iff the unit test failed (i.e. some test case failed
// or something outside of all tests failed).
bool UnitTest::Failed() const {
    return impl()->Failed();
}

// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
const TestCase* UnitTest::GetTestCase( int i ) const {
    return impl()->GetTestCase( i );
}

// Gets the i-th test case among all the test cases. i can range from 0 to
// total_test_case_count() - 1. If i is not in that range, returns NULL.
TestCase* UnitTest::GetMutableTestCase( int i ) {
    return impl()->GetMutableTestCase( i );
}

// Returns the list of event listeners that can be used to track events
// inside Google Test.
TestEventListeners& UnitTest::listeners() {
    return *impl()->listeners();
}

// Registers and returns a global test environment.  When a test
// program is run, all global test environments will be set-up in the
// order they were registered.  After all tests in the program have
// finished, all global test environments will be torn-down in the
// *reverse* order they were registered.
//
// The UnitTest object takes ownership of the given environment.
//
// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
// from the main thread.
Environment* UnitTest::AddEnvironment( Environment* env ) {
    if ( env == NULL ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    impl_->environments().push_back( env );
    return env;
}

#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
// A failed Google Test assertion will throw an exception of this type
// when exceptions are enabled.  We derive it from std::runtime_error,
// which is for errors presumably detectable only at run time.  Since
// std::runtime_error inherits from std::exception, many testing
// frameworks know how to extract and print the message inside it.
class GoogleTestFailureException : public ::std::runtime_error {
  public:
    explicit GoogleTestFailureException( const TestPartResult& failure )
        : ::std::runtime_error( PrintTestPartResultToString( failure ).c_str() ) {}
};
#endif

// Adds a TestPartResult to the current TestResult object.  All Google Test
// assertion macros (e.g. ASSERT_TRUE, EXPECT_EQ, etc) eventually call
// this to report their results.  The user code should use the
// assertion macros instead of calling this directly.
// L < mutex_
void UnitTest::AddTestPartResult( TestPartResult::Type result_type,
                                  const char* file_name,
                                  int line_number,
                                  const internal::String& message,
                                  const internal::String& os_stack_trace ) {
    Message msg;
    msg << message;
    internal::MutexLock lock( &mutex_ );

    if ( impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() > 0 ) {
        msg << "\n" << GTEST_NAME_ << " trace:";

        for ( int i = static_cast<int>( impl_->gtest_trace_stack().size() );
                i > 0; --i ) {
            const internal::TraceInfo& trace = impl_->gtest_trace_stack()[i - 1];
            msg << "\n" << internal::FormatFileLocation( trace.file, trace.line )
                << " " << trace.message;
        }
    }

    if ( os_stack_trace.c_str() != NULL && !os_stack_trace.empty() ) {
        msg << internal::kStackTraceMarker << os_stack_trace;
    }

    const TestPartResult result =
        TestPartResult( result_type, file_name, line_number,
                        msg.GetString().c_str() );
    impl_->GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread()->
    ReportTestPartResult( result );

    if ( result_type != TestPartResult::kSuccess ) {
        // gtest_break_on_failure takes precedence over
        // gtest_throw_on_failure.  This allows a user to set the latter
        // in the code (perhaps in order to use Google Test assertions
        // with another testing framework) and specify the former on the
        // command line for debugging.
        if ( GTEST_FLAG( break_on_failure ) ) {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
            // Using DebugBreak on Windows allows gtest to still break into a debugger
            // when a failure happens and both the --gtest_break_on_failure and
            // the --gtest_catch_exceptions flags are specified.
            DebugBreak();
#else
            *static_cast<int*>( NULL ) = 1;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
        }
        else if ( GTEST_FLAG( throw_on_failure ) ) {
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
            throw GoogleTestFailureException( result );
#else
            // We cannot call abort() as it generates a pop-up in debug mode
            // that cannot be suppressed in VC 7.1 or below.
            exit( 1 );
#endif
        }
    }
}

// Creates and adds a property to the current TestResult. If a property matching
// the supplied value already exists, updates its value instead.
void UnitTest::RecordPropertyForCurrentTest( const char* key,
        const char* value ) {
    const TestProperty test_property( key, value );
    impl_->current_test_result()->RecordProperty( test_property );
}

// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object and prints the result.
// Returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise.
//
// We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
// from the main thread.
int UnitTest::Run() {
#if GTEST_HAS_SEH
    // Catch SEH-style exceptions.
    const bool in_death_test_child_process =
        internal::GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test ).length() > 0;

    // Either the user wants Google Test to catch exceptions thrown by the
    // tests or this is executing in the context of death test child
    // process. In either case the user does not want to see pop-up dialogs
    // about crashes - they are expected..
    if ( GTEST_FLAG( catch_exceptions ) || in_death_test_child_process ) {
#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
        // SetErrorMode doesn't exist on CE.
        SetErrorMode( SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS | SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT |
                      SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX | SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX );
#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
#if (defined(_MSC_VER) || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW) && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
        // Death test children can be terminated with _abort().  On Windows,
        // _abort() can show a dialog with a warning message.  This forces the
        // abort message to go to stderr instead.
        _set_error_mode( _OUT_TO_STDERR );
#endif
#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

        // In the debug version, Visual Studio pops up a separate dialog
        // offering a choice to debug the aborted program. We need to suppress
        // this dialog or it will pop up for every EXPECT/ASSERT_DEATH statement
        // executed. Google Test will notify the user of any unexpected
        // failure via stderr.
        //
        // VC++ doesn't define _set_abort_behavior() prior to the version 8.0.
        // Users of prior VC versions shall suffer the agony and pain of
        // clicking through the countless debug dialogs.
        // TODO(vladl@google.com): find a way to suppress the abort dialog() in the
        // debug mode when compiled with VC 7.1 or lower.
        if ( !GTEST_FLAG( break_on_failure ) )
            _set_abort_behavior(
                0x0,                                    // Clear the following flags:
                _WRITE_ABORT_MSG | _CALL_REPORTFAULT ); // pop-up window, core dump.

#endif
    }

    __try {
        return impl_->RunAllTests();
    }
    __except ( internal::UnitTestOptions::GTestShouldProcessSEH(
                   GetExceptionCode() ) ) {
        printf( "Exception thrown with code 0x%x.\nFAIL\n", GetExceptionCode() );
        fflush( stdout );
        return 1;
    }

#else  // We are on a compiler or platform that doesn't support SEH.
    return impl_->RunAllTests();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
}

// Returns the working directory when the first TEST() or TEST_F() was
// executed.
const char* UnitTest::original_working_dir() const {
    return impl_->original_working_dir_.c_str();
}

// Returns the TestCase object for the test that's currently running,
// or NULL if no test is running.
// L < mutex_
const TestCase* UnitTest::current_test_case() const {
    internal::MutexLock lock( &mutex_ );
    return impl_->current_test_case();
}

// Returns the TestInfo object for the test that's currently running,
// or NULL if no test is running.
// L < mutex_
const TestInfo* UnitTest::current_test_info() const {
    internal::MutexLock lock( &mutex_ );
    return impl_->current_test_info();
}

// Returns the random seed used at the start of the current test run.
int UnitTest::random_seed() const {
    return impl_->random_seed();
}

#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
// Returns ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry object used to keep track of
// value-parameterized tests and instantiate and register them.
// L < mutex_
internal::ParameterizedTestCaseRegistry&
UnitTest::parameterized_test_registry() {
    return impl_->parameterized_test_registry();
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST

// Creates an empty UnitTest.
UnitTest::UnitTest() {
    impl_ = new internal::UnitTestImpl( this );
}

// Destructor of UnitTest.
UnitTest::~UnitTest() {
    delete impl_;
}

// Pushes a trace defined by SCOPED_TRACE() on to the per-thread
// Google Test trace stack.
// L < mutex_
void UnitTest::PushGTestTrace( const internal::TraceInfo& trace ) {
    internal::MutexLock lock( &mutex_ );
    impl_->gtest_trace_stack().push_back( trace );
}

// Pops a trace from the per-thread Google Test trace stack.
// L < mutex_
void UnitTest::PopGTestTrace() {
    internal::MutexLock lock( &mutex_ );
    impl_->gtest_trace_stack().pop_back();
}

namespace internal {

UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl( UnitTest* parent )
    : parent_( parent ),
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)                    // Saves the current warning state.
#pragma warning(disable:4355)            // Temporarily disables warning 4355
      // (using this in initializer).
      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_( this ),
      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_( this ),
#pragma warning(pop)                     // Restores the warning state again.
#else
      default_global_test_part_result_reporter_( this ),
      default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_( this ),
#endif  // _MSC_VER
      global_test_part_result_repoter_(
          &default_global_test_part_result_reporter_ ),
      per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_(
          &default_per_thread_test_part_result_reporter_ ),
#if GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
      parameterized_test_registry_(),
      parameterized_tests_registered_( false ),
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PARAM_TEST
      last_death_test_case_( -1 ),
      current_test_case_( NULL ),
      current_test_info_( NULL ),
      ad_hoc_test_result_(),
      os_stack_trace_getter_( NULL ),
      post_flag_parse_init_performed_( false ),
      random_seed_( 0 ), // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
      random_( 0 ), // Will be reseeded before first use.
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
      elapsed_time_( 0 ),
      internal_run_death_test_flag_( NULL ),
      death_test_factory_( new DefaultDeathTestFactory ) {
#else
      elapsed_time_( 0 ) {
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    listeners()->SetDefaultResultPrinter( new PrettyUnitTestResultPrinter );
}

UnitTestImpl::~UnitTestImpl() {
    // Deletes every TestCase.
    ForEach( test_cases_, internal::Delete<TestCase> );
    // Deletes every Environment.
    ForEach( environments_, internal::Delete<Environment> );
    delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
}

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
// Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
// subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
    if ( internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL ) {
        listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
    }
}
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// Initializes event listeners performing XML output as specified by
// UnitTestOptions. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
void UnitTestImpl::ConfigureXmlOutput() {
    const String& output_format = UnitTestOptions::GetOutputFormat();

    if ( output_format == "xml" ) {
        listeners()->SetDefaultXmlGenerator( new XmlUnitTestResultPrinter(
                UnitTestOptions::GetAbsolutePathToOutputFile().c_str() ) );
    }
    else if ( output_format != "" ) {
        printf( "WARNING: unrecognized output format \"%s\" ignored.\n",
                output_format.c_str() );
        fflush( stdout );
    }
}

// Performs initialization dependent upon flag values obtained in
// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  Is called from InitGoogleTest after the call to
// ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly.  In case a user neglects to call InitGoogleTest
// this function is also called from RunAllTests.  Since this function can be
// called more than once, it has to be idempotent.
void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
    // Ensures that this function does not execute more than once.
    if ( !post_flag_parse_init_performed_ ) {
        post_flag_parse_init_performed_ = true;
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
        InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
        SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
        // Registers parameterized tests. This makes parameterized tests
        // available to the UnitTest reflection API without running
        // RUN_ALL_TESTS.
        RegisterParameterizedTests();
        // Configures listeners for XML output. This makes it possible for users
        // to shut down the default XML output before invoking RUN_ALL_TESTS.
        ConfigureXmlOutput();
    }
}

// A predicate that checks the name of a TestCase against a known
// value.
//
// This is used for implementation of the UnitTest class only.  We put
// it in the anonymous namespace to prevent polluting the outer
// namespace.
//
// TestCaseNameIs is copyable.
class TestCaseNameIs {
  public:
    // Constructor.
    explicit TestCaseNameIs( const String& name )
        : name_( name ) {}

    // Returns true iff the name of test_case matches name_.
    bool operator()( const TestCase* test_case ) const {
        return test_case != NULL && strcmp( test_case->name(), name_.c_str() ) == 0;
    }

  private:
    String name_;
};

// Finds and returns a TestCase with the given name.  If one doesn't
// exist, creates one and returns it.  It's the CALLER'S
// RESPONSIBILITY to ensure that this function is only called WHEN THE
// TESTS ARE NOT SHUFFLED.
//
// Arguments:
//
//   test_case_name: name of the test case
//   set_up_tc:      pointer to the function that sets up the test case
//   tear_down_tc:   pointer to the function that tears down the test case
TestCase* UnitTestImpl::GetTestCase( const char* test_case_name,
                                     const char* comment,
                                     Test::SetUpTestCaseFunc set_up_tc,
                                     Test::TearDownTestCaseFunc tear_down_tc ) {
    // Can we find a TestCase with the given name?
    const std::vector<TestCase*>::const_iterator test_case =
        std::find_if( test_cases_.begin(), test_cases_.end(),
                      TestCaseNameIs( test_case_name ) );

    if ( test_case != test_cases_.end() ) {
        return *test_case;
    }

    // No.  Let's create one.
    TestCase* const new_test_case =
        new TestCase( test_case_name, comment, set_up_tc, tear_down_tc );

    // Is this a death test case?
    if ( internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter( String( test_case_name ),
            kDeathTestCaseFilter ) ) {
        // Yes.  Inserts the test case after the last death test case
        // defined so far.  This only works when the test cases haven't
        // been shuffled.  Otherwise we may end up running a death test
        // after a non-death test.
        ++last_death_test_case_;
        test_cases_.insert( test_cases_.begin() + last_death_test_case_,
                            new_test_case );
    }
    else {
        // No.  Appends to the end of the list.
        test_cases_.push_back( new_test_case );
    }

    test_case_indices_.push_back( static_cast<int>( test_case_indices_.size() ) );
    return new_test_case;
}

// Helpers for setting up / tearing down the given environment.  They
// are for use in the ForEach() function.
static void SetUpEnvironment( Environment* env ) {
    env->SetUp();
}
static void TearDownEnvironment( Environment* env ) {
    env->TearDown();
}

// Runs all tests in this UnitTest object, prints the result, and
// returns 0 if all tests are successful, or 1 otherwise.  If any
// exception is thrown during a test on Windows, this test is
// considered to be failed, but the rest of the tests will still be
// run.  (We disable exceptions on Linux and Mac OS X, so the issue
// doesn't apply there.)
// When parameterized tests are enabled, it expands and registers
// parameterized tests first in RegisterParameterizedTests().
// All other functions called from RunAllTests() may safely assume that
// parameterized tests are ready to be counted and run.
int UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
    // Makes sure InitGoogleTest() was called.
    if ( !GTestIsInitialized() ) {
        printf( "%s",
                "\nThis test program did NOT call ::testing::InitGoogleTest "
                "before calling RUN_ALL_TESTS().  Please fix it.\n" );
        return 1;
    }

    // Do not run any test if the --help flag was specified.
    if ( g_help_flag ) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Repeats the call to the post-flag parsing initialization in case the
    // user didn't call InitGoogleTest.
    PostFlagParsingInit();
    // Even if sharding is not on, test runners may want to use the
    // GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE to query whether the test supports the sharding
    // protocol.
    internal::WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded();
    // True iff we are in a subprocess for running a thread-safe-style
    // death test.
    bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    in_subprocess_for_death_test = ( internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != NULL );
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    const bool should_shard = ShouldShard( kTestTotalShards, kTestShardIndex,
                                           in_subprocess_for_death_test );
    // Compares the full test names with the filter to decide which
    // tests to run.
    const bool has_tests_to_run = FilterTests( should_shard
                                  ? HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL
                                  : IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ) > 0;

    // Lists the tests and exits if the --gtest_list_tests flag was specified.
    if ( GTEST_FLAG( list_tests ) ) {
        // This must be called *after* FilterTests() has been called.
        ListTestsMatchingFilter();
        return 0;
    }

    random_seed_ = GTEST_FLAG( shuffle ) ?
                   GetRandomSeedFromFlag( GTEST_FLAG( random_seed ) ) : 0;
    // True iff at least one test has failed.
    bool failed = false;
    TestEventListener* repeater = listeners()->repeater();
    repeater->OnTestProgramStart( *parent_ );
    // How many times to repeat the tests?  We don't want to repeat them
    // when we are inside the subprocess of a death test.
    const int repeat = in_subprocess_for_death_test ? 1 : GTEST_FLAG( repeat );
    // Repeats forever if the repeat count is negative.
    const bool forever = repeat < 0;

    for ( int i = 0; forever || i != repeat; i++ ) {
        ClearResult();
        const TimeInMillis start = GetTimeInMillis();

        // Shuffles test cases and tests if requested.
        if ( has_tests_to_run && GTEST_FLAG( shuffle ) ) {
            random()->Reseed( random_seed_ );
            // This should be done before calling OnTestIterationStart(),
            // such that a test event listener can see the actual test order
            // in the event.
            ShuffleTests();
        }

        // Tells the unit test event listeners that the tests are about to start.
        repeater->OnTestIterationStart( *parent_, i );

        // Runs each test case if there is at least one test to run.
        if ( has_tests_to_run ) {
            // Sets up all environments beforehand.
            repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpStart( *parent_ );
            ForEach( environments_, SetUpEnvironment );
            repeater->OnEnvironmentsSetUpEnd( *parent_ );

            // Runs the tests only if there was no fatal failure during global
            // set-up.
            if ( !Test::HasFatalFailure() ) {
                for ( int test_index = 0; test_index < total_test_case_count();
                        test_index++ ) {
                    GetMutableTestCase( test_index )->Run();
                }
            }

            // Tears down all environments in reverse order afterwards.
            repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownStart( *parent_ );
            std::for_each( environments_.rbegin(), environments_.rend(),
                           TearDownEnvironment );
            repeater->OnEnvironmentsTearDownEnd( *parent_ );
        }

        elapsed_time_ = GetTimeInMillis() - start;
        // Tells the unit test event listener that the tests have just finished.
        repeater->OnTestIterationEnd( *parent_, i );

        // Gets the result and clears it.
        if ( !Passed() ) {
            failed = true;
        }

        // Restores the original test order after the iteration.  This
        // allows the user to quickly repro a failure that happens in the
        // N-th iteration without repeating the first (N - 1) iterations.
        // This is not enclosed in "if (GTEST_FLAG(shuffle)) { ... }", in
        // case the user somehow changes the value of the flag somewhere
        // (it's always safe to unshuffle the tests).
        UnshuffleTests();

        if ( GTEST_FLAG( shuffle ) ) {
            // Picks a new random seed for each iteration.
            random_seed_ = GetNextRandomSeed( random_seed_ );
        }
    }

    repeater->OnTestProgramEnd( *parent_ );
    // Returns 0 if all tests passed, or 1 other wise.
    return failed ? 1 : 0;
}

// Reads the GTEST_SHARD_STATUS_FILE environment variable, and creates the file
// if the variable is present. If a file already exists at this location, this
// function will write over it. If the variable is present, but the file cannot
// be created, prints an error and exits.
void WriteToShardStatusFileIfNeeded() {
    const char* const test_shard_file = posix::GetEnv( kTestShardStatusFile );

    if ( test_shard_file != NULL ) {
        FILE* const file = posix::FOpen( test_shard_file, "w" );

        if ( file == NULL ) {
            ColoredPrintf( COLOR_RED,
                           "Could not write to the test shard status file \"%s\" "
                           "specified by the %s environment variable.\n",
                           test_shard_file, kTestShardStatusFile );
            fflush( stdout );
            exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
        }

        fclose( file );
    }
}

// Checks whether sharding is enabled by examining the relevant
// environment variable values. If the variables are present,
// but inconsistent (i.e., shard_index >= total_shards), prints
// an error and exits. If in_subprocess_for_death_test, sharding is
// disabled because it must only be applied to the original test
// process. Otherwise, we could filter out death tests we intended to execute.
bool ShouldShard( const char* total_shards_env,
                  const char* shard_index_env,
                  bool in_subprocess_for_death_test ) {
    if ( in_subprocess_for_death_test ) {
        return false;
    }

    const Int32 total_shards = Int32FromEnvOrDie( total_shards_env, -1 );
    const Int32 shard_index = Int32FromEnvOrDie( shard_index_env, -1 );

    if ( total_shards == -1 && shard_index == -1 ) {
        return false;
    }
    else if ( total_shards == -1 && shard_index != -1 ) {
        const Message msg = Message()
                            << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
                            << kTestShardIndex << " = " << shard_index
                            << ", but have left " << kTestTotalShards << " unset.\n";
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str() );
        fflush( stdout );
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }
    else if ( total_shards != -1 && shard_index == -1 ) {
        const Message msg = Message()
                            << "Invalid environment variables: you have "
                            << kTestTotalShards << " = " << total_shards
                            << ", but have left " << kTestShardIndex << " unset.\n";
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str() );
        fflush( stdout );
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }
    else if ( shard_index < 0 || shard_index >= total_shards ) {
        const Message msg = Message()
                            << "Invalid environment variables: we require 0 <= "
                            << kTestShardIndex << " < " << kTestTotalShards
                            << ", but you have " << kTestShardIndex << "=" << shard_index
                            << ", " << kTestTotalShards << "=" << total_shards << ".\n";
        ColoredPrintf( COLOR_RED, msg.GetString().c_str() );
        fflush( stdout );
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }

    return total_shards > 1;
}

// Parses the environment variable var as an Int32. If it is unset,
// returns default_val. If it is not an Int32, prints an error
// and aborts.
Int32 Int32FromEnvOrDie( const char* const var, Int32 default_val ) {
    const char* str_val = posix::GetEnv( var );

    if ( str_val == NULL ) {
        return default_val;
    }

    Int32 result;

    if ( !ParseInt32( Message() << "The value of environment variable " << var,
                      str_val, &result ) ) {
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }

    return result;
}

// Given the total number of shards, the shard index, and the test id,
// returns true iff the test should be run on this shard. The test id is
// some arbitrary but unique non-negative integer assigned to each test
// method. Assumes that 0 <= shard_index < total_shards.
bool ShouldRunTestOnShard( int total_shards, int shard_index, int test_id ) {
    return ( test_id % total_shards ) == shard_index;
}

// Compares the name of each test with the user-specified filter to
// decide whether the test should be run, then records the result in
// each TestCase and TestInfo object.
// If shard_tests == true, further filters tests based on sharding
// variables in the environment - see
// http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/GoogleTestAdvancedGuide.
// Returns the number of tests that should run.
int UnitTestImpl::FilterTests( ReactionToSharding shard_tests ) {
    const Int32 total_shards = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
                               Int32FromEnvOrDie( kTestTotalShards, -1 ) : -1;
    const Int32 shard_index = shard_tests == HONOR_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ?
                              Int32FromEnvOrDie( kTestShardIndex, -1 ) : -1;
    // num_runnable_tests are the number of tests that will
    // run across all shards (i.e., match filter and are not disabled).
    // num_selected_tests are the number of tests to be run on
    // this shard.
    int num_runnable_tests = 0;
    int num_selected_tests = 0;

    for ( size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++ ) {
        TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
        const String& test_case_name = test_case->name();
        test_case->set_should_run( false );

        for ( size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++ ) {
            TestInfo* const test_info = test_case->test_info_list()[j];
            const String test_name( test_info->name() );
            // A test is disabled if test case name or test name matches
            // kDisableTestFilter.
            const bool is_disabled =
                internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter( test_case_name,
                        kDisableTestFilter ) ||
                internal::UnitTestOptions::MatchesFilter( test_name,
                        kDisableTestFilter );
            test_info->impl()->set_is_disabled( is_disabled );
            const bool matches_filter =
                internal::UnitTestOptions::FilterMatchesTest( test_case_name,
                        test_name );
            test_info->impl()->set_matches_filter( matches_filter );
            const bool is_runnable =
                ( GTEST_FLAG( also_run_disabled_tests ) || !is_disabled ) &&
                matches_filter;
            const bool is_selected = is_runnable &&
                                     ( shard_tests == IGNORE_SHARDING_PROTOCOL ||
                                       ShouldRunTestOnShard( total_shards, shard_index,
                                               num_runnable_tests ) );
            num_runnable_tests += is_runnable;
            num_selected_tests += is_selected;
            test_info->impl()->set_should_run( is_selected );
            test_case->set_should_run( test_case->should_run() || is_selected );
        }
    }

    return num_selected_tests;
}

// Prints the names of the tests matching the user-specified filter flag.
void UnitTestImpl::ListTestsMatchingFilter() {
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++ ) {
        const TestCase* const test_case = test_cases_[i];
        bool printed_test_case_name = false;

        for ( size_t j = 0; j < test_case->test_info_list().size(); j++ ) {
            const TestInfo* const test_info =
                test_case->test_info_list()[j];

            if ( test_info->matches_filter() ) {
                if ( !printed_test_case_name ) {
                    printed_test_case_name = true;
                    printf( "%s.\n", test_case->name() );
                }

                printf( "  %s\n", test_info->name() );
            }
        }
    }

    fflush( stdout );
}

// Sets the OS stack trace getter.
//
// Does nothing if the input and the current OS stack trace getter are
// the same; otherwise, deletes the old getter and makes the input the
// current getter.
void UnitTestImpl::set_os_stack_trace_getter(
    OsStackTraceGetterInterface* getter ) {
    if ( os_stack_trace_getter_ != getter ) {
        delete os_stack_trace_getter_;
        os_stack_trace_getter_ = getter;
    }
}

// Returns the current OS stack trace getter if it is not NULL;
// otherwise, creates an OsStackTraceGetter, makes it the current
// getter, and returns it.
OsStackTraceGetterInterface* UnitTestImpl::os_stack_trace_getter() {
    if ( os_stack_trace_getter_ == NULL ) {
        os_stack_trace_getter_ = new OsStackTraceGetter;
    }

    return os_stack_trace_getter_;
}

// Returns the TestResult for the test that's currently running, or
// the TestResult for the ad hoc test if no test is running.
TestResult* UnitTestImpl::current_test_result() {
    return current_test_info_ ?
           current_test_info_->impl()->result() : &ad_hoc_test_result_;
}

// Shuffles all test cases, and the tests within each test case,
// making sure that death tests are still run first.
void UnitTestImpl::ShuffleTests() {
    // Shuffles the death test cases.
    ShuffleRange( random(), 0, last_death_test_case_ + 1, &test_case_indices_ );
    // Shuffles the non-death test cases.
    ShuffleRange( random(), last_death_test_case_ + 1,
                  static_cast<int>( test_cases_.size() ), &test_case_indices_ );

    // Shuffles the tests inside each test case.
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++ ) {
        test_cases_[i]->ShuffleTests( random() );
    }
}

// Restores the test cases and tests to their order before the first shuffle.
void UnitTestImpl::UnshuffleTests() {
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < test_cases_.size(); i++ ) {
        // Unshuffles the tests in each test case.
        test_cases_[i]->UnshuffleTests();
        // Resets the index of each test case.
        test_case_indices_[i] = static_cast<int>( i );
    }
}

// TestInfoImpl constructor. The new instance assumes ownership of the test
// factory object.
TestInfoImpl::TestInfoImpl( TestInfo* parent,
                            const char* a_test_case_name,
                            const char* a_name,
                            const char* a_test_case_comment,
                            const char* a_comment,
                            TypeId a_fixture_class_id,
                            internal::TestFactoryBase* factory ) :
    parent_( parent ),
    test_case_name_( String( a_test_case_name ) ),
    name_( String( a_name ) ),
    test_case_comment_( String( a_test_case_comment ) ),
    comment_( String( a_comment ) ),
    fixture_class_id_( a_fixture_class_id ),
    should_run_( false ),
    is_disabled_( false ),
    matches_filter_( false ),
    factory_( factory ) {
}

// TestInfoImpl destructor.
TestInfoImpl::~TestInfoImpl() {
    delete factory_;
}

// Returns the current OS stack trace as a String.
//
// The maximum number of stack frames to be included is specified by
// the gtest_stack_trace_depth flag.  The skip_count parameter
// specifies the number of top frames to be skipped, which doesn't
// count against the number of frames to be included.
//
// For example, if Foo() calls Bar(), which in turn calls
// GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop(..., 1), Foo() will be included in
// the trace but Bar() and GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop() won't.
String GetCurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop( UnitTest* /*unit_test*/,
                                        int skip_count ) {
    // We pass skip_count + 1 to skip this wrapper function in addition
    // to what the user really wants to skip.
    return GetUnitTestImpl()->CurrentOsStackTraceExceptTop( skip_count + 1 );
}

// Used by the GTEST_HIDE_UNREACHABLE_CODE_ macro to suppress unreachable
// code warnings.
namespace {
class ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue {};
}

bool IsTrue( bool condition ) {
    return condition;
}

bool AlwaysTrue() {
#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS

    // This condition is always false so AlwaysTrue() never actually throws,
    // but it makes the compiler think that it may throw.
    if ( IsTrue( false ) ) {
        throw ClassUniqueToAlwaysTrue();
    }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
    return true;
}

// If *pstr starts with the given prefix, modifies *pstr to be right
// past the prefix and returns true; otherwise leaves *pstr unchanged
// and returns false.  None of pstr, *pstr, and prefix can be NULL.
bool SkipPrefix( const char* prefix, const char** pstr ) {
    const size_t prefix_len = strlen( prefix );

    if ( strncmp( *pstr, prefix, prefix_len ) == 0 ) {
        *pstr += prefix_len;
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}

// Parses a string as a command line flag.  The string should have
// the format "--flag=value".  When def_optional is true, the "=value"
// part can be omitted.
//
// Returns the value of the flag, or NULL if the parsing failed.
const char* ParseFlagValue( const char* str,
                            const char* flag,
                            bool def_optional ) {
    // str and flag must not be NULL.
    if ( str == NULL || flag == NULL ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // The flag must start with "--" followed by GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_.
    const String flag_str = String::Format( "--%s%s", GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, flag );
    const size_t flag_len = flag_str.length();

    if ( strncmp( str, flag_str.c_str(), flag_len ) != 0 ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // Skips the flag name.
    const char* flag_end = str + flag_len;

    // When def_optional is true, it's OK to not have a "=value" part.
    if ( def_optional && ( flag_end[0] == '\0' ) ) {
        return flag_end;
    }

    // If def_optional is true and there are more characters after the
    // flag name, or if def_optional is false, there must be a '=' after
    // the flag name.
    if ( flag_end[0] != '=' ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // Returns the string after "=".
    return flag_end + 1;
}

// Parses a string for a bool flag, in the form of either
// "--flag=value" or "--flag".
//
// In the former case, the value is taken as true as long as it does
// not start with '0', 'f', or 'F'.
//
// In the latter case, the value is taken as true.
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
bool ParseBoolFlag( const char* str, const char* flag, bool* value ) {
    // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
    const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue( str, flag, true );

    // Aborts if the parsing failed.
    if ( value_str == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    // Converts the string value to a bool.
    *value = !( *value_str == '0' || *value_str == 'f' || *value_str == 'F' );
    return true;
}

// Parses a string for an Int32 flag, in the form of
// "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
bool ParseInt32Flag( const char* str, const char* flag, Int32* value ) {
    // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
    const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue( str, flag, false );

    // Aborts if the parsing failed.
    if ( value_str == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
    return ParseInt32( Message() << "The value of flag --" << flag,
                       value_str, value );
}

// Parses a string for a string flag, in the form of
// "--flag=value".
//
// On success, stores the value of the flag in *value, and returns
// true.  On failure, returns false without changing *value.
bool ParseStringFlag( const char* str, const char* flag, String* value ) {
    // Gets the value of the flag as a string.
    const char* const value_str = ParseFlagValue( str, flag, false );

    // Aborts if the parsing failed.
    if ( value_str == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    // Sets *value to the value of the flag.
    *value = value_str;
    return true;
}

// Determines whether a string has a prefix that Google Test uses for its
// flags, i.e., starts with GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ or GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_.
// If Google Test detects that a command line flag has its prefix but is not
// recognized, it will print its help message. Flags starting with
// GTEST_INTERNAL_PREFIX_ followed by "internal_" are considered Google Test
// internal flags and do not trigger the help message.
static bool HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix( const char* str ) {
    return ( SkipPrefix( "--", &str ) ||
             SkipPrefix( "-", &str ) ||
             SkipPrefix( "/", &str ) ) &&
           !SkipPrefix( GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "internal_", &str ) &&
           ( SkipPrefix( GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, &str ) ||
             SkipPrefix( GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_, &str ) );
}

// Prints a string containing code-encoded text.  The following escape
// sequences can be used in the string to control the text color:
//
//   @@    prints a single '@' character.
//   @R    changes the color to red.
//   @G    changes the color to green.
//   @Y    changes the color to yellow.
//   @D    changes to the default terminal text color.
//
// TODO(wan@google.com): Write tests for this once we add stdout
// capturing to Google Test.
static void PrintColorEncoded( const char* str ) {
    GTestColor color = COLOR_DEFAULT;  // The current color.

    // Conceptually, we split the string into segments divided by escape
    // sequences.  Then we print one segment at a time.  At the end of
    // each iteration, the str pointer advances to the beginning of the
    // next segment.
    for ( ;; ) {
        const char* p = strchr( str, '@' );

        if ( p == NULL ) {
            ColoredPrintf( color, "%s", str );
            return;
        }

        ColoredPrintf( color, "%s", String( str, p - str ).c_str() );
        const char ch = p[1];
        str = p + 2;

        if ( ch == '@' ) {
            ColoredPrintf( color, "@" );
        }
        else if ( ch == 'D' ) {
            color = COLOR_DEFAULT;
        }
        else if ( ch == 'R' ) {
            color = COLOR_RED;
        }
        else if ( ch == 'G' ) {
            color = COLOR_GREEN;
        }
        else if ( ch == 'Y' ) {
            color = COLOR_YELLOW;
        }
        else {
            --str;
        }
    }
}

static const char kColorEncodedHelpMessage[] =
    "This program contains tests written using " GTEST_NAME_ ". You can use the\n"
    "following command line flags to control its behavior:\n"
    "\n"
    "Test Selection:\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D\n"
    "      List the names of all tests instead of running them. The name of\n"
    "      TEST(Foo, Bar) is \"Foo.Bar\".\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "filter=@YPOSTIVE_PATTERNS"
    "[@G-@YNEGATIVE_PATTERNS]@D\n"
    "      Run only the tests whose name matches one of the positive patterns but\n"
    "      none of the negative patterns. '?' matches any single character; '*'\n"
    "      matches any substring; ':' separates two patterns.\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "also_run_disabled_tests@D\n"
    "      Run all disabled tests too.\n"
    "\n"
    "Test Execution:\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "repeat=@Y[COUNT]@D\n"
    "      Run the tests repeatedly; use a negative count to repeat forever.\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "shuffle@D\n"
    "      Randomize tests' orders on every iteration.\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "random_seed=@Y[NUMBER]@D\n"
    "      Random number seed to use for shuffling test orders (between 1 and\n"
    "      99999, or 0 to use a seed based on the current time).\n"
    "\n"
    "Test Output:\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "color=@Y(@Gyes@Y|@Gno@Y|@Gauto@Y)@D\n"
    "      Enable/disable colored output. The default is @Gauto@D.\n"
    "  -@G-" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "print_time=0@D\n"
    "      Don't print the elapsed time of each test.\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "output=xml@Y[@G:@YDIRECTORY_PATH@G"
    GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "@Y|@G:@YFILE_PATH]@D\n"
    "      Generate an XML report in the given directory or with the given file\n"
    "      name. @YFILE_PATH@D defaults to @Gtest_details.xml@D.\n"
    "\n"
    "Assertion Behavior:\n"
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "death_test_style=@Y(@Gfast@Y|@Gthreadsafe@Y)@D\n"
    "      Set the default death test style.\n"
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "break_on_failure@D\n"
    "      Turn assertion failures into debugger break-points.\n"
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "throw_on_failure@D\n"
    "      Turn assertion failures into C++ exceptions.\n"
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    "  @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "catch_exceptions@D\n"
    "      Suppress pop-ups caused by exceptions.\n"
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    "\n"
    "Except for @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "list_tests@D, you can alternatively set "
    "the corresponding\n"
    "environment variable of a flag (all letters in upper-case). For example, to\n"
    "disable colored text output, you can either specify @G--" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_
    "color=no@D or set\n"
    "the @G" GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "COLOR@D environment variable to @Gno@D.\n"
    "\n"
    "For more information, please read the " GTEST_NAME_ " documentation at\n"
    "@G" GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "@D. If you find a bug in " GTEST_NAME_ "\n"
    "(not one in your own code or tests), please report it to\n"
    "@G<" GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ ">@D.\n";

// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
// other parts of Google Test.  The type parameter CharType can be
// instantiated to either char or wchar_t.
template <typename CharType>
void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl( int* argc, CharType** argv ) {
    for ( int i = 1; i < *argc; i++ ) {
        const String arg_string = StreamableToString( argv[i] );
        const char* const arg = arg_string.c_str();
        using internal::ParseBoolFlag;
        using internal::ParseInt32Flag;
        using internal::ParseStringFlag;

        // Do we see a Google Test flag?
        if ( ParseBoolFlag( arg, kAlsoRunDisabledTestsFlag,
                            &GTEST_FLAG( also_run_disabled_tests ) ) ||
                ParseBoolFlag( arg, kBreakOnFailureFlag,
                               &GTEST_FLAG( break_on_failure ) ) ||
                ParseBoolFlag( arg, kCatchExceptionsFlag,
                               &GTEST_FLAG( catch_exceptions ) ) ||
                ParseStringFlag( arg, kColorFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( color ) ) ||
                ParseStringFlag( arg, kDeathTestStyleFlag,
                                 &GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style ) ) ||
                ParseBoolFlag( arg, kDeathTestUseFork,
                               &GTEST_FLAG( death_test_use_fork ) ) ||
                ParseStringFlag( arg, kFilterFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( filter ) ) ||
                ParseStringFlag( arg, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
                                 &GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test ) ) ||
                ParseBoolFlag( arg, kListTestsFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( list_tests ) ) ||
                ParseStringFlag( arg, kOutputFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( output ) ) ||
                ParseBoolFlag( arg, kPrintTimeFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( print_time ) ) ||
                ParseInt32Flag( arg, kRandomSeedFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( random_seed ) ) ||
                ParseInt32Flag( arg, kRepeatFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( repeat ) ) ||
                ParseBoolFlag( arg, kShuffleFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( shuffle ) ) ||
                ParseInt32Flag( arg, kStackTraceDepthFlag,
                                &GTEST_FLAG( stack_trace_depth ) ) ||
                ParseBoolFlag( arg, kThrowOnFailureFlag, &GTEST_FLAG( throw_on_failure ) )
           ) {
            // Yes.  Shift the remainder of the argv list left by one.  Note
            // that argv has (*argc + 1) elements, the last one always being
            // NULL.  The following loop moves the trailing NULL element as
            // well.
            for ( int j = i; j != *argc; j++ ) {
                argv[j] = argv[j + 1];
            }

            // Decrements the argument count.
            ( *argc )--;
            // We also need to decrement the iterator as we just removed
            // an element.
            i--;
        }
        else if ( arg_string == "--help" || arg_string == "-h" ||
                  arg_string == "-?" || arg_string == "/?" ||
                  HasGoogleTestFlagPrefix( arg ) ) {
            // Both help flag and unrecognized Google Test flags (excluding
            // internal ones) trigger help display.
            g_help_flag = true;
        }
    }

    if ( g_help_flag ) {
        // We print the help here instead of in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as the
        // latter may not be called at all if the user is using Google
        // Test with another testing framework.
        PrintColorEncoded( kColorEncodedHelpMessage );
    }
}

// Parses the command line for Google Test flags, without initializing
// other parts of Google Test.
void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly( int* argc, char** argv ) {
    ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl( argc, argv );
}
void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly( int* argc, wchar_t** argv ) {
    ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnlyImpl( argc, argv );
}

// The internal implementation of InitGoogleTest().
//
// The type parameter CharType can be instantiated to either char or
// wchar_t.
template <typename CharType>
void InitGoogleTestImpl( int* argc, CharType** argv ) {
    g_init_gtest_count++;

    // We don't want to run the initialization code twice.
    if ( g_init_gtest_count != 1 ) {
        return;
    }

    if ( *argc <= 0 ) {
        return;
    }

    internal::g_executable_path = internal::StreamableToString( argv[0] );
#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    g_argvs.clear();

    for ( int i = 0; i != *argc; i++ ) {
        g_argvs.push_back( StreamableToString( argv[i] ) );
    }

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly( argc, argv );
    GetUnitTestImpl()->PostFlagParsingInit();
}

}  // namespace internal

// Initializes Google Test.  This must be called before calling
// RUN_ALL_TESTS().  In particular, it parses a command line for the
// flags that Google Test recognizes.  Whenever a Google Test flag is
// seen, it is removed from argv, and *argc is decremented.
//
// No value is returned.  Instead, the Google Test flag variables are
// updated.
//
// Calling the function for the second time has no user-visible effect.
void InitGoogleTest( int* argc, char** argv ) {
    internal::InitGoogleTestImpl( argc, argv );
}

// This overloaded version can be used in Windows programs compiled in
// UNICODE mode.
void InitGoogleTest( int* argc, wchar_t** argv ) {
    internal::InitGoogleTestImpl( argc, argv );
}

}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
//
// This file implements death tests.


#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

#if GTEST_OS_MAC
#include <crt_externs.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#include <windows.h>
#else
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST


// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

namespace testing {

// Constants.

// The default death test style.
static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";

GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
    death_test_style,
    internal::StringFromGTestEnv( "death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle ),
    "Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
    "\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
    "from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
    "\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
    "after forking)." );

GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(
    death_test_use_fork,
    internal::BoolFromGTestEnv( "death_test_use_fork", false ),
    "Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
    "Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
    "implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
    "those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
    "it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
    "It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
    "work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
    "most likely be removed." );

namespace internal {
GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
    internal_run_death_test, "",
    "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
    "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
    "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
    "colons.  This flag is specified if and only if the current "
    "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
    "death test.  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY." );
}  // namespace internal

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// ExitedWithCode constructor.
ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode( int exit_code ) : exit_code_( exit_code ) {
}

// ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
bool ExitedWithCode::operator()( int exit_status ) const {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    return exit_status == exit_code_;
#else
    return WIFEXITED( exit_status ) && WEXITSTATUS( exit_status ) == exit_code_;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
}

#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// KilledBySignal constructor.
KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal( int signum ) : signum_( signum ) {
}

// KilledBySignal function-call operator.
bool KilledBySignal::operator()( int exit_status ) const {
    return WIFSIGNALED( exit_status ) && WTERMSIG( exit_status ) == signum_;
}
#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

namespace internal {

// Utilities needed for death tests.

// Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
// specified by wait(2).
static String ExitSummary( int exit_code ) {
    Message m;
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
#else

    if ( WIFEXITED( exit_code ) ) {
        m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS( exit_code );
    }
    else if ( WIFSIGNALED( exit_code ) ) {
        m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG( exit_code );
    }

#ifdef WCOREDUMP

    if ( WCOREDUMP( exit_code ) ) {
        m << " (core dumped)";
    }

#endif
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    return m.GetString();
}

// Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
// by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
bool ExitedUnsuccessfully( int exit_status ) {
    return !ExitedWithCode( 0 )( exit_status );
}

#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
// one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
// to executing the given statement.  It is the responsibility of the
// caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
static String DeathTestThreadWarning( size_t thread_count ) {
    Message msg;
    msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
        << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";

    if ( thread_count == 0 ) {
        msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
    }
    else {
        msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
    }

    return msg.GetString();
}
#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';

// An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test
// can conclude.  DIED means that the process died while executing the
// test code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test
// code; and RETURNED means that the test statement attempted a "return,"
// which is not allowed.  IN_PROGRESS means the test has not yet
// concluded.
enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED };

// Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
// exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
// message is propagated back to the parent process.  Otherwise, the
// message is simply printed to stderr.  In either case, the program
// then exits with status 1.
void DeathTestAbort( const String& message ) {
    // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
    // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack.  Use
    // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
    const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
        GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();

    if ( flag != NULL ) {
        FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen( flag->write_fd(), "w" );
        fputc( kDeathTestInternalError, parent );
        fprintf( parent, "%s", message.c_str() );
        fflush( parent );
        _exit( 1 );
    }
    else {
        fprintf( stderr, "%s", message.c_str() );
        fflush( stderr );
        abort();
    }
}

// A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
// fails.
#define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
  do { \
    if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s", \
          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
    } \
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
// evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
// -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
// should be tried again.  The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
// evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
// errno to EINTR.  If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
// something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
#define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
  do { \
    int gtest_retval; \
    do { \
      gtest_retval = (expression); \
    } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
    if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
      DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
          "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s != -1", \
          __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
    } \
  } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())

// Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
String GetLastErrnoDescription() {
    return String( errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError( errno ) );
}

// This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
// message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
// severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
// platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
static void FailFromInternalError( int fd ) {
    Message error;
    char buffer[256];
    int num_read;

    do {
        while ( ( num_read = posix::Read( fd, buffer, 255 ) ) > 0 ) {
            buffer[num_read] = '\0';
            error << buffer;
        }
    }
    while ( num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR );

    if ( num_read == 0 ) {
        GTEST_LOG_( FATAL ) << error.GetString();
    }
    else {
        const int last_error = errno;
        GTEST_LOG_( FATAL ) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
                            << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
    }
}

// Death test constructor.  Increments the running death test count
// for the current test.
DeathTest::DeathTest() {
    TestInfo* const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();

    if ( info == NULL ) {
        DeathTestAbort( "Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
                        "TEST_F construct" );
    }
}

// Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
// death test factory.
bool DeathTest::Create( const char* statement, const RE* regex,
                        const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test ) {
    return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
               statement, regex, file, line, test );
}

const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
    return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
}

void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message( const String& message ) {
    last_death_test_message_ = message;
}

String DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;

// Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
  protected:
    DeathTestImpl( const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex )
        : statement_( a_statement ),
          regex_( a_regex ),
          spawned_( false ),
          status_( -1 ),
          outcome_( IN_PROGRESS ),
          read_fd_( -1 ),
          write_fd_( -1 ) {}

    // read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
    ~DeathTestImpl() {
        GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( read_fd_ == -1 );
    }

    void Abort( AbortReason reason );
    virtual bool Passed( bool status_ok );

    const char* statement() const {
        return statement_;
    }
    const RE* regex() const {
        return regex_;
    }
    bool spawned() const {
        return spawned_;
    }
    void set_spawned( bool is_spawned ) {
        spawned_ = is_spawned;
    }
    int status() const {
        return status_;
    }
    void set_status( int a_status ) {
        status_ = a_status;
    }
    DeathTestOutcome outcome() const {
        return outcome_;
    }
    void set_outcome( DeathTestOutcome an_outcome ) {
        outcome_ = an_outcome;
    }
    int read_fd() const {
        return read_fd_;
    }
    void set_read_fd( int fd ) {
        read_fd_ = fd;
    }
    int write_fd() const {
        return write_fd_;
    }
    void set_write_fd( int fd ) {
        write_fd_ = fd;
    }

    // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
    // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
    // member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
    // case of unexpected codes.
    void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();

  private:
    // The textual content of the code this object is testing.  This class
    // doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
    const char* const statement_;
    // The regular expression which test output must match.  DeathTestImpl
    // doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
    const RE* const regex_;
    // True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
    bool spawned_;
    // The exit status of the child process.
    int status_;
    // How the death test concluded.
    DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
    // Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process.  It is
    // always -1 in the child process.  The child keeps its write end of the
    // pipe in write_fd_.
    int read_fd_;
    // Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
    // It is always -1 in the parent process.  The parent keeps its end of the
    // pipe in read_fd_.
    int write_fd_;
};

// Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
// test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
// member, and closes read_fd_.  Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
// case of unexpected codes.
void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
    char flag;
    int bytes_read;

    // The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
    // failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
    // its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
    // the child process has exited.
    do {
        bytes_read = posix::Read( read_fd(), &flag, 1 );
    }
    while ( bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR );

    if ( bytes_read == 0 ) {
        set_outcome( DIED );
    }
    else if ( bytes_read == 1 ) {
        switch ( flag ) {
        case kDeathTestReturned:
            set_outcome( RETURNED );
            break;

        case kDeathTestLived:
            set_outcome( LIVED );
            break;

        case kDeathTestInternalError:
            FailFromInternalError( read_fd() ); // Does not return.
            break;

        default:
            GTEST_LOG_( FATAL ) << "Death test child process reported "
                                << "unexpected status byte ("
                                << static_cast<unsigned int>( flag ) << ")";
        }
    }
    else {
        GTEST_LOG_( FATAL ) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
                            << GetLastErrnoDescription();
    }

    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( posix::Close( read_fd() ) );
    set_read_fd( -1 );
}

// Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
// Should be called only in a death test child process.
// Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
// calls _exit(1).
void DeathTestImpl::Abort( AbortReason reason ) {
    // The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
    // it finds any data in our pipe.  So, here we write a single flag byte
    // to the pipe, then exit.
    const char status_ch =
        reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived : kDeathTestReturned;
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( posix::Write( write_fd(), &status_ch, 1 ) );
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( posix::Close( write_fd() ) );
    _exit( 1 ); // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
}

// Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
// members which have previously been set, and one argument:
//
// Private data members:
//   outcome:  An enumeration describing how the death test
//             concluded: DIED, LIVED, or RETURNED.  The death test fails
//             in the latter two cases.
//   status:   The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
//             in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
//             value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
//             of the exception that terminated the program.
//   regex:    A regular expression object to be applied to
//             the test's captured standard error output; the death test
//             fails if it does not match.
//
// Argument:
//   status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
//              this particular death test, which fails if it is false
//
// Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met.  Otherwise, the
// first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
// reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
bool DeathTestImpl::Passed( bool status_ok ) {
    if ( !spawned() ) {
        return false;
    }

    const String error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
    bool success = false;
    Message buffer;
    buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";

    switch ( outcome() ) {
    case LIVED:
        buffer << "    Result: failed to die.\n"
               << " Error msg: " << error_message;
        break;

    case RETURNED:
        buffer << "    Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
               << " Error msg: " << error_message;
        break;

    case DIED:
        if ( status_ok ) {
            const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch( error_message.c_str(), *regex() );

            if ( matched ) {
                success = true;
            }
            else {
                buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
                       << "  Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
                       << "Actual msg: " << error_message;
            }
        }
        else {
            buffer << "    Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
                   << "            " << ExitSummary( status() ) << "\n";
        }

        break;

    case IN_PROGRESS:
    default:
        GTEST_LOG_( FATAL )
                << "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
    }

    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message( buffer.GetString() );
    return success;
}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
// specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
// always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
// --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
// --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
//
// A few implementation notes:  Like the Linux version, the Windows
// implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
// the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
//
// 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
//    ends of it.
// 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
//    necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
// 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
//    using a Windows event.
// 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
//    this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
//    0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
//    parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
//    the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
// 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
//    any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
//    determines whether to fail the test.
//
// Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
// calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
//
class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
  public:
    WindowsDeathTest( const char* statement,
                      const RE* regex,
                      const char* file,
                      int line )
        : DeathTestImpl( statement, regex ), file_( file ), line_( line ) {}

    // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
    virtual int Wait();
    virtual TestRole AssumeRole();

  private:
    // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
    const char* const file_;
    // The line number on which the death test is located.
    const int line_;
    // Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
    AutoHandle write_handle_;
    // Child process handle.
    AutoHandle child_handle_;
    // Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
    // acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
    // event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
    // ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
    AutoHandle event_handle_;
};

// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
// outcome data member.
int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
    if ( !spawned() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
    // of the pipe or it dies.
    const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = { child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get() };

    switch ( ::WaitForMultipleObjects( 2,
                                       wait_handles,
                                       FALSE,  // Waits for any of the handles.
                                       INFINITE ) ) {
    case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
    case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
        break;

    default:
        GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( false ); // Should not get here.
    }

    // The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
    // We release the handle on our side and continue.
    write_handle_.Reset();
    event_handle_.Reset();
    ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
    // Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
    // returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
    // whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
    // handle or not.
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
        WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject( child_handle_.Get(),
                INFINITE ) );
    DWORD status;
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( ::GetExitCodeProcess( child_handle_.Get(), &status )
                             != FALSE );
    child_handle_.Reset();
    set_status( static_cast<int>( status ) );
    return this->status();
}

// The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test.  It creates a child
// process with the same executable as the current process to run the
// death test.  The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
// --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
// current death test only.
DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
    const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
    const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
        impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
    const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
    const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();

    if ( flag != NULL ) {
        // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
        // processing.
        set_write_fd( flag->write_fd() );
        return EXECUTE_TEST;
    }

    // WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
    // a death test.
    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
        sizeof( SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES ), NULL, TRUE
    };
    HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
        ::CreatePipe( &read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
                      0 ) // Default buffer size.
        != FALSE );
    set_read_fd( ::_open_osfhandle( reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>( read_handle ),
                                    O_RDONLY ) );
    write_handle_.Reset( write_handle );
    event_handle_.Reset( ::CreateEvent(
                             &handles_are_inheritable,
                             TRUE,    // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
                             FALSE,   // The initial state is non-signalled.
                             NULL ) ); // The even is unnamed.
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( event_handle_.Get() != NULL );
    const String filter_flag = String::Format( "--%s%s=%s.%s",
                               GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
                               info->test_case_name(),
                               info->name() );
    const String internal_flag = String::Format(
                                     "--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%u|%Iu|%Iu",
                                     GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_,
                                     kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
                                     file_, line_,
                                     death_test_index,
                                     static_cast<unsigned int>( ::GetCurrentProcessId() ),
                                     // size_t has the same with as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
                                     // Windows platforms.
                                     // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
                                     reinterpret_cast<size_t>( write_handle ),
                                     reinterpret_cast<size_t>( event_handle_.Get() ) );
    char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1];  // NOLINT
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
        _MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA( NULL,
                executable_path,
                _MAX_PATH ) );
    String command_line = String::Format( "%s %s \"%s\"",
                                          ::GetCommandLineA(),
                                          filter_flag.c_str(),
                                          internal_flag.c_str() );
    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message( "" );
    CaptureStderr();
    // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
    FlushInfoLog();
    // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
    STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
    memset( &startup_info, 0, sizeof( STARTUPINFO ) );
    startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
    startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle( STD_INPUT_HANDLE );
    startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );
    startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle( STD_ERROR_HANDLE );
    PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( ::CreateProcessA(
                                 executable_path,
                                 const_cast<char*>( command_line.c_str() ),
                                 NULL,   // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
                                 NULL,   // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
                                 TRUE,   // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
                                 0x0,    // Default creation flags.
                                 NULL,   // Inherit the parent's environment.
                                 UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
                                 &startup_info,
                                 &process_info ) != FALSE );
    child_handle_.Reset( process_info.hProcess );
    ::CloseHandle( process_info.hThread );
    set_spawned( true );
    return OVERSEE_TEST;
}
#else  // We are not on Windows.

// ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
// methods of the DeathTest interface.  Only the AssumeRole method is
// left undefined.
class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
  public:
    ForkingDeathTest( const char* statement, const RE* regex );

    // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
    virtual int Wait();

  protected:
    void set_child_pid( pid_t child_pid ) {
        child_pid_ = child_pid;
    }

  private:
    // PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
    pid_t child_pid_;
};

// Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest( const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex )
    : DeathTestImpl( a_statement, a_regex ),
      child_pid_( -1 ) {}

// Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
// status, or 0 if no child process exists.  As a side effect, sets the
// outcome data member.
int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
    if ( !spawned() ) {
        return 0;
    }

    ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
    int status_value;
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( waitpid( child_pid_, &status_value, 0 ) );
    set_status( status_value );
    return status_value;
}

// A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
// in the child process.
class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
  public:
    NoExecDeathTest( const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex ) :
        ForkingDeathTest( a_statement, a_regex ) { }
    virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
};

// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test.  It implements a
// straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
    const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();

    if ( thread_count != 1 ) {
        GTEST_LOG_( WARNING ) << DeathTestThreadWarning( thread_count );
    }

    int pipe_fd[2];
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( pipe( pipe_fd ) != -1 );
    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message( "" );
    CaptureStderr();
    // When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
    // file descriptors are shared.  We flush all log files here so that closing
    // the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
    // synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
    // This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
    // there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
    // thread writes to the log file.
    FlushInfoLog();
    const pid_t child_pid = fork();
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( child_pid != -1 );
    set_child_pid( child_pid );

    if ( child_pid == 0 ) {
        GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( close( pipe_fd[0] ) );
        set_write_fd( pipe_fd[1] );
        // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
        // concurrent writes to the log files.  We capture stderr in the parent
        // process and append the child process' output to a log.
        LogToStderr();
        // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
        // down in death test subprocesses.
        GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
        return EXECUTE_TEST;
    }
    else {
        GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( close( pipe_fd[1] ) );
        set_read_fd( pipe_fd[0] );
        set_spawned( true );
        return OVERSEE_TEST;
    }
}

// A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
// program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
// only this specific death test to be run.
class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
  public:
    ExecDeathTest( const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
                   const char* file, int line ) :
        ForkingDeathTest( a_statement, a_regex ), file_( file ), line_( line ) { }
    virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
  private:
    // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
    const char* const file_;
    // The line number on which the death test is located.
    const int line_;
};

// Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
class Arguments {
  public:
    Arguments() {
        args_.push_back( NULL );
    }

    ~Arguments() {
        for ( std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
                ++i ) {
            free( *i );
        }
    }
    void AddArgument( const char* argument ) {
        args_.insert( args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup( argument ) );
    }

    template <typename Str>
    void AddArguments( const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments ) {
        for ( typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
                i != arguments.end();
                ++i ) {
            args_.insert( args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup( i->c_str() ) );
        }
    }
    char* const* Argv() {
        return &args_[0];
    }
  private:
    std::vector<char*> args_;
};

// A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
// threadsafe-style death test process.
struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
    char* const* argv;  // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
    int close_fd;       // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
};

#if GTEST_OS_MAC
inline char** GetEnviron() {
    // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
    // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
    // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
    return *_NSGetEnviron();
}
#else
// Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
// it reside in the global namespace.
extern "C" char** environ;
inline char** GetEnviron() {
    return environ;
}
#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

// The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
// This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
// any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
static int ExecDeathTestChildMain( void* child_arg ) {
    ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>( child_arg );
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( close( args->close_fd ) );
    // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
    // it was originally invoked.  Therefore we change to the original
    // working directory first.
    const char* const original_dir =
        UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();

    // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
    if ( chdir( original_dir ) != 0 ) {
        DeathTestAbort( String::Format( "chdir(\"%s\") failed: %s",
                                        original_dir,
                                        GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str() ) );
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call.  We
    // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
    // unsafe.  Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
    // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
    // one path separator.
    execve( args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron() );
    DeathTestAbort( String::Format( "execve(%s, ...) in %s failed: %s",
                                    args->argv[0],
                                    original_dir,
                                    GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str() ) );
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}

// Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
// grows.
// This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
// function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
// a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
bool StackLowerThanAddress( const void* ptr ) {
    int dummy;
    return &dummy < ptr;
}

bool StackGrowsDown() {
    int dummy;
    return StackLowerThanAddress( &dummy );
}

// A threadsafe implementation of fork(2) for threadsafe-style death tests
// that uses clone(2).  It dies with an error message if anything goes
// wrong.
static pid_t ExecDeathTestFork( char* const* argv, int close_fd ) {
    ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
    pid_t child_pid = -1;
#if GTEST_HAS_CLONE
    const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG( death_test_use_fork );

    if ( !use_fork ) {
        static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
        const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
        // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
        void* const stack = mmap( NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                                  MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0 );
        GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( stack != MAP_FAILED );
        void* const stack_top =
            static_cast<char*>( stack ) + ( stack_grows_down ? stack_size : 0 );
        child_pid = clone( &ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args );
        GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( munmap( stack, stack_size ) != -1 );
    }

#else
    const bool use_fork = true;
#endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE

    if ( use_fork && ( child_pid = fork() ) == 0 ) {
        ExecDeathTestChildMain( &args );
        _exit( 0 );
    }

    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( child_pid != -1 );
    return child_pid;
}

// The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test.  It re-executes the
// main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
// and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
// death test to be re-run.
DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
    const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
    const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
        impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
    const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
    const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();

    if ( flag != NULL ) {
        set_write_fd( flag->write_fd() );
        return EXECUTE_TEST;
    }

    int pipe_fd[2];
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( pipe( pipe_fd ) != -1 );
    // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
    // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_( fcntl( pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0 ) != -1 );
    const String filter_flag =
        String::Format( "--%s%s=%s.%s",
                        GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
                        info->test_case_name(), info->name() );
    const String internal_flag =
        String::Format( "--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%d",
                        GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
                        file_, line_, death_test_index, pipe_fd[1] );
    Arguments args;
    args.AddArguments( GetArgvs() );
    args.AddArgument( filter_flag.c_str() );
    args.AddArgument( internal_flag.c_str() );
    DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message( "" );
    CaptureStderr();
    // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
    // is necessary.
    FlushInfoLog();
    const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestFork( args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0] );
    GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_( close( pipe_fd[1] ) );
    set_child_pid( child_pid );
    set_read_fd( pipe_fd[0] );
    set_spawned( true );
    return OVERSEE_TEST;
}

#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
// --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
// by the "test" argument to its address.  If the test should be
// skipped, sets that pointer to NULL.  Returns true, unless the
// flag is set to an invalid value.
bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create( const char* statement, const RE* regex,
                                      const char* file, int line,
                                      DeathTest** test ) {
    UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
    const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
        impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
    const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
                                 ->increment_death_test_count();

    if ( flag != NULL ) {
        if ( death_test_index > flag->index() ) {
            DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message( String::Format(
                    "Death test count (%d) somehow exceeded expected maximum (%d)",
                    death_test_index, flag->index() ) );
            return false;
        }

        if ( !( flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
                flag->index() == death_test_index ) ) {
            *test = NULL;
            return true;
        }
    }

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

    if ( GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style ) == "threadsafe" ||
            GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style ) == "fast" ) {
        *test = new WindowsDeathTest( statement, regex, file, line );
    }

#else

    if ( GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style ) == "threadsafe" ) {
        *test = new ExecDeathTest( statement, regex, file, line );
    }
    else if ( GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style ) == "fast" ) {
        *test = new NoExecDeathTest( statement, regex );
    }

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    else {  // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
        DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message( String::Format(
                "Unknown death test style \"%s\" encountered",
                GTEST_FLAG( death_test_style ).c_str() ) );
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

// Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
// vector with the fields.  GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
// ::std::string, so we can use it here.
static void SplitString( const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
                         ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest ) {
    ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
    ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;

    while ( ::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue() ) {
        const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find( delimiter, pos );

        if ( colon == ::std::string::npos ) {
            parsed.push_back( str.substr( pos ) );
            break;
        }
        else {
            parsed.push_back( str.substr( pos, colon - pos ) );
            pos = colon + 1;
        }
    }

    dest->swap( parsed );
}

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
// signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
// handle. This function is called in the child process only.
int GetStatusFileDescriptor( unsigned int parent_process_id,
                             size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
                             size_t event_handle_as_size_t ) {
    AutoHandle parent_process_handle( ::OpenProcess( PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
                                      FALSE,  // Non-inheritable.
                                      parent_process_id ) );

    if ( parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) {
        DeathTestAbort( String::Format( "Unable to open parent process %u",
                                        parent_process_id ) );
    }

    // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
    // compile-time assertion when available.
    GTEST_CHECK_( sizeof( HANDLE ) <= sizeof( size_t ) );
    const HANDLE write_handle =
        reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>( write_handle_as_size_t );
    HANDLE dup_write_handle;

    // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
    // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
    // DuplicateHandle.
    if ( !::DuplicateHandle( parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
                             ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
                             0x0,    // Requested privileges ignored since
                             // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
                             FALSE,  // Request non-inheritable handler.
                             DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS ) ) {
        DeathTestAbort( String::Format(
                            "Unable to duplicate the pipe handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
                            write_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id ) );
    }

    const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>( event_handle_as_size_t );
    HANDLE dup_event_handle;

    if ( !::DuplicateHandle( parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
                             ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
                             0x0,
                             FALSE,
                             DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS ) ) {
        DeathTestAbort( String::Format(
                            "Unable to duplicate the event handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
                            event_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id ) );
    }

    const int write_fd =
        ::_open_osfhandle( reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>( dup_write_handle ), O_APPEND );

    if ( write_fd == -1 ) {
        DeathTestAbort( String::Format(
                            "Unable to convert pipe handle %Iu to a file descriptor",
                            write_handle_as_size_t ) );
    }

    // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
    // so the parent can release its own write end.
    ::SetEvent( dup_event_handle );
    return write_fd;
}
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
// initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
// the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
    if ( GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test ) == "" ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
    // can use it here.
    int line = -1;
    int index = -1;
    ::std::vector< ::std::string> fields;
    SplitString( GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test ).c_str(), '|', &fields );
    int write_fd = -1;
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
    size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
    size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;

    if ( fields.size() != 6
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[1], &line )
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[2], &index )
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[3], &parent_process_id )
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t )
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t ) ) {
        DeathTestAbort( String::Format(
                            "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
                            GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test ).c_str() ) );
    }

    write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor( parent_process_id,
                                        write_handle_as_size_t,
                                        event_handle_as_size_t );
#else

    if ( fields.size() != 4
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[1], &line )
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[2], &index )
            || !ParseNaturalNumber( fields[3], &write_fd ) ) {
        DeathTestAbort( String::Format(
                            "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
                            GTEST_FLAG( internal_run_death_test ).c_str() ) );
    }

#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag( fields[0], line, index, write_fd );
}

}  // namespace internal

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Authors: keith.ray@gmail.com (Keith Ray)


#include <stdlib.h>

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
#include <windows.h>
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#include <direct.h>
#include <io.h>
#elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
// Symbian OpenC has PATH_MAX in sys/syslimits.h
#include <sys/syslimits.h>
#else
#include <limits.h>
#include <climits>  // Some Linux distributions define PATH_MAX here.
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _MAX_PATH
#elif defined(PATH_MAX)
#define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ PATH_MAX
#elif defined(_XOPEN_PATH_MAX)
#define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _XOPEN_PATH_MAX
#else
#define GTEST_PATH_MAX_ _POSIX_PATH_MAX
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS


namespace testing {
namespace internal {

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
// On Windows, '\\' is the standard path separator, but many tools and the
// Windows API also accept '/' as an alternate path separator. Unless otherwise
// noted, a file path can contain either kind of path separators, or a mixture
// of them.
const char kPathSeparator = '\\';
const char kAlternatePathSeparator = '/';
const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "\\";
const char kAlternatePathSeparatorString[] = "/";
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
// Windows CE doesn't have a current directory. You should not use
// the current directory in tests on Windows CE, but this at least
// provides a reasonable fallback.
const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "\\";
// Windows CE doesn't define INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
const DWORD kInvalidFileAttributes = 0xffffffff;
#else
const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = ".\\";
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
#else
const char kPathSeparator = '/';
const char kPathSeparatorString[] = "/";
const char kCurrentDirectoryString[] = "./";
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS

// Returns whether the given character is a valid path separator.
static bool IsPathSeparator( char c ) {
#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
    return ( c == kPathSeparator ) || ( c == kAlternatePathSeparator );
#else
    return c == kPathSeparator;
#endif
}

// Returns the current working directory, or "" if unsuccessful.
FilePath FilePath::GetCurrentDir() {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    // Windows CE doesn't have a current directory, so we just return
    // something reasonable.
    return FilePath( kCurrentDirectoryString );
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
    return FilePath( _getcwd( cwd, sizeof( cwd ) ) == NULL ? "" : cwd );
#else
    char cwd[GTEST_PATH_MAX_ + 1] = { '\0' };
    return FilePath( getcwd( cwd, sizeof( cwd ) ) == NULL ? "" : cwd );
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
}

// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the case-insensitive extension removed.
// Example: FilePath("dir/file.exe").RemoveExtension("EXE") returns
// FilePath("dir/file"). If a case-insensitive extension is not
// found, returns a copy of the original FilePath.
FilePath FilePath::RemoveExtension( const char* extension ) const {
    String dot_extension( String::Format( ".%s", extension ) );

    if ( pathname_.EndsWithCaseInsensitive( dot_extension.c_str() ) ) {
        return FilePath( String( pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 4 ) );
    }

    return *this;
}

// Returns a pointer to the last occurence of a valid path separator in
// the FilePath. On Windows, for example, both '/' and '\' are valid path
// separators. Returns NULL if no path separator was found.
const char* FilePath::FindLastPathSeparator() const {
    const char* const last_sep = strrchr( c_str(), kPathSeparator );
#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_
    const char* const last_alt_sep = strrchr( c_str(), kAlternatePathSeparator );

    // Comparing two pointers of which only one is NULL is undefined.
    if ( last_alt_sep != NULL &&
            ( last_sep == NULL || last_alt_sep > last_sep ) ) {
        return last_alt_sep;
    }

#endif
    return last_sep;
}

// Returns a copy of the FilePath with the directory part removed.
// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveDirectoryName() returns
// FilePath("file"). If there is no directory part ("just_a_file"), it returns
// the FilePath unmodified. If there is no file part ("just_a_dir/") it
// returns an empty FilePath ("").
// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
FilePath FilePath::RemoveDirectoryName() const {
    const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
    return last_sep ? FilePath( String( last_sep + 1 ) ) : *this;
}

// RemoveFileName returns the directory path with the filename removed.
// Example: FilePath("path/to/file").RemoveFileName() returns "path/to/".
// If the FilePath is "a_file" or "/a_file", RemoveFileName returns
// FilePath("./") or, on Windows, FilePath(".\\"). If the filepath does
// not have a file, like "just/a/dir/", it returns the FilePath unmodified.
// On Windows platform, '\' is the path separator, otherwise it is '/'.
FilePath FilePath::RemoveFileName() const {
    const char* const last_sep = FindLastPathSeparator();
    String dir;

    if ( last_sep ) {
        dir = String( c_str(), last_sep + 1 - c_str() );
    }
    else {
        dir = kCurrentDirectoryString;
    }

    return FilePath( dir );
}

// Helper functions for naming files in a directory for xml output.

// Given directory = "dir", base_name = "test", number = 0,
// extension = "xml", returns "dir/test.xml". If number is greater
// than zero (e.g., 12), returns "dir/test_12.xml".
// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
FilePath FilePath::MakeFileName( const FilePath& directory,
                                 const FilePath& base_name,
                                 int number,
                                 const char* extension ) {
    String file;

    if ( number == 0 ) {
        file = String::Format( "%s.%s", base_name.c_str(), extension );
    }
    else {
        file = String::Format( "%s_%d.%s", base_name.c_str(), number, extension );
    }

    return ConcatPaths( directory, FilePath( file ) );
}

// Given directory = "dir", relative_path = "test.xml", returns "dir/test.xml".
// On Windows, uses \ as the separator rather than /.
FilePath FilePath::ConcatPaths( const FilePath& directory,
                                const FilePath& relative_path ) {
    if ( directory.IsEmpty() ) {
        return relative_path;
    }

    const FilePath dir( directory.RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() );
    return FilePath( String::Format( "%s%c%s", dir.c_str(), kPathSeparator,
                                     relative_path.c_str() ) );
}

// Returns true if pathname describes something findable in the file-system,
// either a file, directory, or whatever.
bool FilePath::FileOrDirectoryExists() const {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16( pathname_.c_str() );
    const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes( unicode );
    delete [] unicode;
    return attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes;
#else
    posix::StatStruct file_stat;
    return posix::Stat( pathname_.c_str(), &file_stat ) == 0;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
}

// Returns true if pathname describes a directory in the file-system
// that exists.
bool FilePath::DirectoryExists() const {
    bool result = false;
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    // Don't strip off trailing separator if path is a root directory on
    // Windows (like "C:\\").
    const FilePath& path( IsRootDirectory() ? *this :
                          RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() );
#else
    const FilePath& path( *this );
#endif
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16( path.c_str() );
    const DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributes( unicode );
    delete [] unicode;

    if ( ( attributes != kInvalidFileAttributes ) &&
            ( attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ) ) {
        result = true;
    }

#else
    posix::StatStruct file_stat;
    result = posix::Stat( path.c_str(), &file_stat ) == 0 &&
             posix::IsDir( file_stat );
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    return result;
}

// Returns true if pathname describes a root directory. (Windows has one
// root directory per disk drive.)
bool FilePath::IsRootDirectory() const {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    // TODO(wan@google.com): on Windows a network share like
    // \\server\share can be a root directory, although it cannot be the
    // current directory.  Handle this properly.
    return pathname_.length() == 3 && IsAbsolutePath();
#else
    return pathname_.length() == 1 && IsPathSeparator( pathname_.c_str()[0] );
#endif
}

// Returns true if pathname describes an absolute path.
bool FilePath::IsAbsolutePath() const {
    const char* const name = pathname_.c_str();
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    return pathname_.length() >= 3 &&
           ( ( name[0] >= 'a' && name[0] <= 'z' ) ||
             ( name[0] >= 'A' && name[0] <= 'Z' ) ) &&
           name[1] == ':' &&
           IsPathSeparator( name[2] );
#else
    return IsPathSeparator( name[0] );
#endif
}

// Returns a pathname for a file that does not currently exist. The pathname
// will be directory/base_name.extension or
// directory/base_name_<number>.extension if directory/base_name.extension
// already exists. The number will be incremented until a pathname is found
// that does not already exist.
// Examples: 'dir/foo_test.xml' or 'dir/foo_test_1.xml'.
// There could be a race condition if two or more processes are calling this
// function at the same time -- they could both pick the same filename.
FilePath FilePath::GenerateUniqueFileName( const FilePath& directory,
        const FilePath& base_name,
        const char* extension ) {
    FilePath full_pathname;
    int number = 0;

    do {
        full_pathname.Set( MakeFileName( directory, base_name, number++, extension ) );
    }
    while ( full_pathname.FileOrDirectoryExists() );

    return full_pathname;
}

// Returns true if FilePath ends with a path separator, which indicates that
// it is intended to represent a directory. Returns false otherwise.
// This does NOT check that a directory (or file) actually exists.
bool FilePath::IsDirectory() const {
    return !pathname_.empty() &&
           IsPathSeparator( pathname_.c_str()[pathname_.length() - 1] );
}

// Create directories so that path exists. Returns true if successful or if
// the directories already exist; returns false if unable to create directories
// for any reason.
bool FilePath::CreateDirectoriesRecursively() const {
    if ( !this->IsDirectory() ) {
        return false;
    }

    if ( pathname_.length() == 0 || this->DirectoryExists() ) {
        return true;
    }

    const FilePath parent( this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator().RemoveFileName() );
    return parent.CreateDirectoriesRecursively() && this->CreateFolder();
}

// Create the directory so that path exists. Returns true if successful or
// if the directory already exists; returns false if unable to create the
// directory for any reason, including if the parent directory does not
// exist. Not named "CreateDirectory" because that's a macro on Windows.
bool FilePath::CreateFolder() const {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    FilePath removed_sep( this->RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() );
    LPCWSTR unicode = String::AnsiToUtf16( removed_sep.c_str() );
    int result = CreateDirectory( unicode, NULL ) ? 0 : -1;
    delete [] unicode;
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    int result = _mkdir( pathname_.c_str() );
#else
    int result = mkdir( pathname_.c_str(), 0777 );
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

    if ( result == -1 ) {
        return this->DirectoryExists();  // An error is OK if the directory exists.
    }

    return true;  // No error.
}

// If input name has a trailing separator character, remove it and return the
// name, otherwise return the name string unmodified.
// On Windows platform, uses \ as the separator, other platforms use /.
FilePath FilePath::RemoveTrailingPathSeparator() const {
    return IsDirectory()
           ? FilePath( String( pathname_.c_str(), pathname_.length() - 1 ) )
           : *this;
}

// Removes any redundant separators that might be in the pathname.
// For example, "bar///foo" becomes "bar/foo". Does not eliminate other
// redundancies that might be in a pathname involving "." or "..".
// TODO(wan@google.com): handle Windows network shares (e.g. \\server\share).
void FilePath::Normalize() {
    if ( pathname_.c_str() == NULL ) {
        pathname_ = "";
        return;
    }

    const char* src = pathname_.c_str();
    char* const dest = new char[pathname_.length() + 1];
    char* dest_ptr = dest;
    memset( dest_ptr, 0, pathname_.length() + 1 );

    while ( *src != '\0' ) {
        *dest_ptr = *src;

        if ( !IsPathSeparator( *src ) ) {
            src++;
        }
        else {
#if GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_

            if ( *dest_ptr == kAlternatePathSeparator ) {
                *dest_ptr = kPathSeparator;
            }

#endif

            while ( IsPathSeparator( *src ) ) {
                src++;
            }
        }

        dest_ptr++;
    }

    *dest_ptr = '\0';
    pathname_ = dest;
    delete[] dest;
}

}  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)


#include <limits.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
#include <windows.h>  // For TerminateProcess()
#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
#include <io.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#else
#include <unistd.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

#if GTEST_OS_MAC
#include <mach/mach_init.h>
#include <mach/task.h>
#include <mach/vm_map.h>
#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC


// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

namespace testing {
namespace internal {

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
// MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
#else
const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
#endif  // _MSC_VER

#if GTEST_OS_MAC

// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
// we cannot detect it.
size_t GetThreadCount() {
    const task_t task = mach_task_self();
    mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
    thread_act_array_t thread_list;
    const kern_return_t status = task_threads( task, &thread_list, &thread_count );

    if ( status == KERN_SUCCESS ) {
        // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
        // to avoid leaks.
        vm_deallocate( task,
                       reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>( thread_list ),
                       sizeof( thread_t ) * thread_count );
        return static_cast<size_t>( thread_count );
    }
    else {
        return 0;
    }
}

#else

size_t GetThreadCount() {
    // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
    // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
    return 0;
}

#endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC

#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE

// Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.

RE::~RE() {
    if ( is_valid_ ) {
        // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
        // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
        // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
        // being so too.
        regfree( &partial_regex_ );
        regfree( &full_regex_ );
    }

    free( const_cast<char*>( pattern_ ) );
}

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
bool RE::FullMatch( const char* str, const RE& re ) {
    if ( !re.is_valid_ ) {
        return false;
    }

    regmatch_t match;
    return regexec( &re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0 ) == 0;
}

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
// (including str itself).
bool RE::PartialMatch( const char* str, const RE& re ) {
    if ( !re.is_valid_ ) {
        return false;
    }

    regmatch_t match;
    return regexec( &re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0 ) == 0;
}

// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
void RE::Init( const char* regex ) {
    pattern_ = posix::StrDup( regex );
    // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
    // full match.
    const size_t full_regex_len = strlen( regex ) + 10;
    char* const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];
    snprintf( full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex );
    is_valid_ = regcomp( &full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED ) == 0;

    // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
    // previous expression returns false.  Otherwise partial_regex_ may
    // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
    // freed.
    //
    // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
    // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
    // regex.  We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
    if ( is_valid_ ) {
        const char* const partial_regex = ( *regex == '\0' ) ? "()" : regex;
        is_valid_ = regcomp( &partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED ) == 0;
    }

    EXPECT_TRUE( is_valid_ )
            << "Regular expression \"" << regex
            << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";
    delete[] full_pattern;
}

#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE

// Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
// terminating '\0' character).
bool IsInSet( char ch, const char* str ) {
    return ch != '\0' && strchr( str, ch ) != NULL;
}

// Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification.  Unlike
// similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
// current locale.
bool IsDigit( char ch ) {
    return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9';
}
bool IsPunct( char ch ) {
    return IsInSet( ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~" );
}
bool IsRepeat( char ch ) {
    return IsInSet( ch, "?*+" );
}
bool IsWhiteSpace( char ch ) {
    return IsInSet( ch, " \f\n\r\t\v" );
}
bool IsWordChar( char ch ) {
    return ( 'a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ) || ( 'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ) ||
           ( '0' <= ch && ch <= '9' ) || ch == '_';
}

// Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
bool IsValidEscape( char c ) {
    return ( IsPunct( c ) || IsInSet( c, "dDfnrsStvwW" ) );
}

// Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
// matches ch.  The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
bool AtomMatchesChar( bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch ) {
    if ( escaped ) { // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
        switch ( pattern_char ) {
        case 'd':
            return IsDigit( ch );

        case 'D':
            return !IsDigit( ch );

        case 'f':
            return ch == '\f';

        case 'n':
            return ch == '\n';

        case 'r':
            return ch == '\r';

        case 's':
            return IsWhiteSpace( ch );

        case 'S':
            return !IsWhiteSpace( ch );

        case 't':
            return ch == '\t';

        case 'v':
            return ch == '\v';

        case 'w':
            return IsWordChar( ch );

        case 'W':
            return !IsWordChar( ch );
        }

        return IsPunct( pattern_char ) && pattern_char == ch;
    }

    return ( pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n' ) || pattern_char == ch;
}

// Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
String FormatRegexSyntaxError( const char* regex, int index ) {
    return ( Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
             << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": " ).GetString();
}

// Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
// otherwise returns true.
bool ValidateRegex( const char* regex ) {
    if ( regex == NULL ) {
        // TODO(wan@google.com): fix the source file location in the
        // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
        // code.
        ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
        return false;
    }

    bool is_valid = true;
    // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
    bool prev_repeatable = false;

    for ( int i = 0; regex[i]; i++ ) {
        if ( regex[i] == '\\' ) { // An escape sequence
            i++;

            if ( regex[i] == '\0' ) {
                ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError( regex, i - 1 )
                              << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
                return false;
            }

            if ( !IsValidEscape( regex[i] ) ) {
                ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError( regex, i - 1 )
                              << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
                is_valid = false;
            }

            prev_repeatable = true;
        }
        else {    // Not an escape sequence.
            const char ch = regex[i];

            if ( ch == '^' && i > 0 ) {
                ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError( regex, i )
                              << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
                is_valid = false;
            }
            else if ( ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0' ) {
                ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError( regex, i )
                              << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
                is_valid = false;
            }
            else if ( IsInSet( ch, "()[]{}|" ) ) {
                ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError( regex, i )
                              << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
                is_valid = false;
            }
            else if ( IsRepeat( ch ) && !prev_repeatable ) {
                ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError( regex, i )
                              << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
                is_valid = false;
            }

            prev_repeatable = !IsInSet( ch, "^$?*+" );
        }
    }

    return is_valid;
}

// Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
// expression.  The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
// or \c otherwise.  repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
// or +).  The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
// characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
// probably time out anyway.  We are fine with this limitation as
// std::string has it too.
bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
    bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
    const char* str ) {
    const size_t min_count = ( repeat == '+' ) ? 1 : 0;
    const size_t max_count = ( repeat == '?' ) ? 1 :
                             static_cast<size_t>( -1 ) - 1;
    // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
    // max() macro on Windows.

    for ( size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i ) {
        // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
        if ( i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead( regex, str + i ) ) {
            // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
            // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
            // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
            // greedy match.
            return true;
        }

        if ( str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar( escaped, c, str[i] ) ) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

// Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str.  regex must be a
// valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
// result is undefined.
bool MatchRegexAtHead( const char* regex, const char* str ) {
    if ( *regex == '\0' ) { // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
        return true;
    }

    // "$" only matches the end of a string.  Note that regex being
    // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
    if ( *regex == '$' ) {
        return *str == '\0';
    }

    // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
    const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';

    if ( escaped ) {
        ++regex;
    }

    if ( IsRepeat( regex[1] ) ) {
        // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
        // here's an indirect recursion.  It terminates as the regex gets
        // shorter in each recursion.
        return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
                   escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str );
    }
    else {
        // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
        // repetition.  We match the first atom of regex with the first
        // character of str and recurse.
        return ( *str != '\0' ) && AtomMatchesChar( escaped, *regex, *str ) &&
               MatchRegexAtHead( regex + 1, str + 1 );
    }
}

// Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str.  regex must be
// a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
//
// The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
// the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
// stack space normally.  In rare cases the time complexity can be
// exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
// but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
bool MatchRegexAnywhere( const char* regex, const char* str ) {
    if ( regex == NULL || str == NULL ) {
        return false;
    }

    if ( *regex == '^' ) {
        return MatchRegexAtHead( regex + 1, str );
    }

    // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
    do {
        if ( MatchRegexAtHead( regex, str ) ) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    while ( *str++ != '\0' );

    return false;
}

// Implements the RE class.

RE::~RE() {
    free( const_cast<char*>( pattern_ ) );
    free( const_cast<char*>( full_pattern_ ) );
}

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
bool RE::FullMatch( const char* str, const RE& re ) {
    return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere( re.full_pattern_, str );
}

// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
// (including str itself).
bool RE::PartialMatch( const char* str, const RE& re ) {
    return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere( re.pattern_, str );
}

// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
void RE::Init( const char* regex ) {
    pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;

    if ( regex != NULL ) {
        pattern_ = posix::StrDup( regex );
    }

    is_valid_ = ValidateRegex( regex );

    if ( !is_valid_ ) {
        // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
        return;
    }

    const size_t len = strlen( regex );
    // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
    // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
    // terminate the string with '\0'.
    char* buffer = static_cast<char*>( malloc( len + 3 ) );
    full_pattern_ = buffer;

    if ( *regex != '^' ) {
        *buffer++ = '^';    // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
    }

    // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
    // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
    memcpy( buffer, regex, len );
    buffer += len;

    if ( len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$' ) {
        *buffer++ = '$';    // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
    }

    *buffer = '\0';
}

#endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE


GTestLog::GTestLog( GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line )
    : severity_( severity ) {
    const char* const marker =
        severity == GTEST_INFO ?    "[  INFO ]" :
        severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
        severity == GTEST_ERROR ?   "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
    GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
                << FormatFileLocation( file, line ).c_str() << ": ";
}

// Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
    GetStream() << ::std::endl;

    if ( severity_ == GTEST_FATAL ) {
        fflush( stderr );
        posix::Abort();
    }
}
// Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
// this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 4996)
#endif  // _MSC_VER

#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION_

// Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
class CapturedStream {
  public:
    // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
    CapturedStream( int fd ) : fd_( fd ), uncaptured_fd_( dup( fd ) ) {
#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
        char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
        char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
        ::GetTempPathA( sizeof( temp_dir_path ), temp_dir_path );
        const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA( temp_dir_path,
                             "gtest_redir",
                             0,  // Generate unique file name.
                             temp_file_path );
        GTEST_CHECK_( success != 0 )
                << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
        const int captured_fd = creat( temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE );
        GTEST_CHECK_( captured_fd != -1 ) << "Unable to open temporary file "
                                          << temp_file_path;
        filename_ = temp_file_path;
#else
        // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the
        // current directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp
        // directory instead.
        char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
        const int captured_fd = mkstemp( name_template );
        filename_ = name_template;
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
        fflush( NULL );
        dup2( captured_fd, fd_ );
        close( captured_fd );
    }

    ~CapturedStream() {
        remove( filename_.c_str() );
    }

    String GetCapturedString() {
        if ( uncaptured_fd_ != -1 ) {
            // Restores the original stream.
            fflush( NULL );
            dup2( uncaptured_fd_, fd_ );
            close( uncaptured_fd_ );
            uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
        }

        FILE* const file = posix::FOpen( filename_.c_str(), "r" );
        const String content = ReadEntireFile( file );
        posix::FClose( file );
        return content;
    }

  private:
    // Reads the entire content of a file as a String.
    static String ReadEntireFile( FILE* file );

    // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
    static size_t GetFileSize( FILE* file );

    const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
    int uncaptured_fd_;
    // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
    ::std::string filename_;

    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_( CapturedStream );
};

// Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize( FILE* file ) {
    fseek( file, 0, SEEK_END );
    return static_cast<size_t>( ftell( file ) );
}

// Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
String CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile( FILE* file ) {
    const size_t file_size = GetFileSize( file );
    char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
    size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
    size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
    fseek( file, 0, SEEK_SET );

    // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
    // pre-determined file size is reached.
    do {
        bytes_last_read = fread( buffer + bytes_read, 1, file_size - bytes_read, file );
        bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
    }
    while ( bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size );

    const String content( buffer, bytes_read );
    delete[] buffer;
    return content;
}

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif  // _MSC_VER

static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;

// Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
void CaptureStream( int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream ) {
    if ( *stream != NULL ) {
        GTEST_LOG_( FATAL ) << "Only one " << stream_name
                            << " capturer can exist at a time.";
    }

    *stream = new CapturedStream( fd );
}

// Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
String GetCapturedStream( CapturedStream** captured_stream ) {
    const String content = ( *captured_stream )->GetCapturedString();
    delete *captured_stream;
    *captured_stream = NULL;
    return content;
}

// Starts capturing stdout.
void CaptureStdout() {
    CaptureStream( kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout );
}

// Starts capturing stderr.
void CaptureStderr() {
    CaptureStream( kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr );
}

// Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
String GetCapturedStdout() {
    return GetCapturedStream( &g_captured_stdout );
}

// Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
String GetCapturedStderr() {
    return GetCapturedStream( &g_captured_stderr );
}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION_

#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

// A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
::std::vector<String> g_argvs;

// Returns the command line as a vector of strings.
const ::std::vector<String>& GetArgvs() {
    return g_argvs;
}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST

#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
namespace posix {
void Abort() {
    DebugBreak();
    TerminateProcess( GetCurrentProcess(), 1 );
}
}  // namespace posix
#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE

// Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
// given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
// "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
static String FlagToEnvVar( const char* flag ) {
    const String full_flag =
        ( Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag ).GetString();
    Message env_var;

    for ( size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++ ) {
        env_var << static_cast<char>( toupper( full_flag.c_str()[i] ) );
    }

    return env_var.GetString();
}

// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
// the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
// unchanged and returns false.
bool ParseInt32( const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value ) {
    // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
    char* end = NULL;
    const long long_value = strtol( str, &end, 10 ); // NOLINT

    // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
    if ( *end != '\0' ) {
        // No - an invalid character was encountered.
        Message msg;
        msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
            << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
            << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
        printf( "%s", msg.GetString().c_str() );
        fflush( stdout );
        return false;
    }

    // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
    const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>( long_value );

    if ( long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
            // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
            // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
            result != long_value
            // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
       ) {
        Message msg;
        msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
            << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
            << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
        printf( "%s", msg.GetString().c_str() );
        fflush( stdout );
        return false;
    }

    *value = result;
    return true;
}

// Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
//
// The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
bool BoolFromGTestEnv( const char* flag, bool default_value ) {
    const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar( flag );
    const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv( env_var.c_str() );
    return string_value == NULL ?
           default_value : strcmp( string_value, "0" ) != 0;
}

// Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
// variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
// doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv( const char* flag, Int32 default_value ) {
    const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar( flag );
    const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv( env_var.c_str() );

    if ( string_value == NULL ) {
        // The environment variable is not set.
        return default_value;
    }

    Int32 result = default_value;

    if ( !ParseInt32( Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
                      string_value, &result ) ) {
        printf( "The default value %s is used.\n",
                ( Message() << default_value ).GetString().c_str() );
        fflush( stdout );
        return default_value;
    }

    return result;
}

// Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
const char* StringFromGTestEnv( const char* flag, const char* default_value ) {
    const String env_var = FlagToEnvVar( flag );
    const char* const value = posix::GetEnv( env_var.c_str() );
    return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
}

}  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: mheule@google.com (Markus Heule)
//
// The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)


// Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
// implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
// included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
// prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
// his code.
#define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
#undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_

namespace testing {

using internal::GetUnitTestImpl;

// Gets the summary of the failure message by omitting the stack trace
// in it.
internal::String TestPartResult::ExtractSummary( const char* message ) {
    const char* const stack_trace = strstr( message, internal::kStackTraceMarker );
    return stack_trace == NULL ? internal::String( message ) :
           internal::String( message, stack_trace - message );
}

// Prints a TestPartResult object.
std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const TestPartResult& result ) {
    return os
           << result.file_name() << ":" << result.line_number() << ": "
           << ( result.type() == TestPartResult::kSuccess ? "Success" :
                result.type() == TestPartResult::kFatalFailure ? "Fatal failure" :
                "Non-fatal failure" ) << ":\n"
           << result.message() << std::endl;
}

// Appends a TestPartResult to the array.
void TestPartResultArray::Append( const TestPartResult& result ) {
    array_.push_back( result );
}

// Returns the TestPartResult at the given index (0-based).
const TestPartResult& TestPartResultArray::GetTestPartResult(
    int index ) const {
    if ( index < 0 || index >= size() ) {
        printf( "\nInvalid index (%d) into TestPartResultArray.\n", index );
        internal::posix::Abort();
    }

    return array_[index];
}

// Returns the number of TestPartResult objects in the array.
int TestPartResultArray::size() const {
    return static_cast<int>( array_.size() );
}

namespace internal {

HasNewFatalFailureHelper::HasNewFatalFailureHelper()
    : has_new_fatal_failure_( false ),
      original_reporter_( GetUnitTestImpl()->
                          GetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread() ) {
    GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread( this );
}

HasNewFatalFailureHelper::~HasNewFatalFailureHelper() {
    GetUnitTestImpl()->SetTestPartResultReporterForCurrentThread(
        original_reporter_ );
}

void HasNewFatalFailureHelper::ReportTestPartResult(
    const TestPartResult& result ) {
    if ( result.fatally_failed() ) {
        has_new_fatal_failure_ = true;
    }

    original_reporter_->ReportTestPartResult( result );
}

}  // namespace internal

}  // namespace testing
// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
// All Rights Reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
// met:
//
//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
// distribution.
//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
// this software without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//
// Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)


namespace testing {
namespace internal {

#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P

// Skips to the first non-space char in str. Returns an empty string if str
// contains only whitespace characters.
static const char* SkipSpaces( const char* str ) {
    while ( isspace( *str ) ) {
        str++;
    }

    return str;
}

// Verifies that registered_tests match the test names in
// defined_test_names_; returns registered_tests if successful, or
// aborts the program otherwise.
const char* TypedTestCasePState::VerifyRegisteredTestNames(
    const char* file, int line, const char* registered_tests ) {
    typedef ::std::set<const char*>::const_iterator DefinedTestIter;
    registered_ = true;
    // Skip initial whitespace in registered_tests since some
    // preprocessors prefix stringizied literals with whitespace.
    registered_tests = SkipSpaces( registered_tests );
    Message errors;
    ::std::set<String> tests;

    for ( const char* names = registered_tests; names != NULL;
            names = SkipComma( names ) ) {
        const String name = GetPrefixUntilComma( names );

        if ( tests.count( name ) != 0 ) {
            errors << "Test " << name << " is listed more than once.\n";
            continue;
        }

        bool found = false;

        for ( DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
                it != defined_test_names_.end();
                ++it ) {
            if ( name == *it ) {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if ( found ) {
            tests.insert( name );
        }
        else {
            errors << "No test named " << name
                   << " can be found in this test case.\n";
        }
    }

    for ( DefinedTestIter it = defined_test_names_.begin();
            it != defined_test_names_.end();
            ++it ) {
        if ( tests.count( *it ) == 0 ) {
            errors << "You forgot to list test " << *it << ".\n";
        }
    }

    const String& errors_str = errors.GetString();

    if ( errors_str != "" ) {
        fprintf( stderr, "%s %s", FormatFileLocation( file, line ).c_str(),
                 errors_str.c_str() );
        fflush( stderr );
        posix::Abort();
    }

    return registered_tests;
}

#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P

}  // namespace internal
}  // namespace testing
